Biology EOC Vocabulary Review Questions and
Answers Verified by Experts
Autosomal Chromosome any of the non-sex chromosomes
Autotroph an organism that produces its own food, including photosynthetic organisms
such as green plants and photoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms such as sulfur bacteria
Auxin a plant hormone that causes elongation on one side of a plant, so part of the plant
may bend toward or away from a stimulus
Balance a tool used for measuring mass or weight that uses a counterweights of known
values for comparison
Behavioral Adaptation an inherited behavior, such as feeding, mating, breeding, or
migrating, that helps it survive in its environment
Bias a perspective that affects the way in which people interpret events and form beliefs
,Bilateral Symmetry a body plan in which the right and left sides of the animal are
symmetrical
Binary Fission a type of asexual reproduction used by bacteria in which the cell is split
into two identical cells through a process of elongation
Binomial Nomenclature a system of classification in which an organism is given a two-
word scientific name in Latin designating its genus and species
Biodiversity the variety and number of organisms on Earth
Biogenesis the theory that organisms can arise only from other organisms
Biomass the total mass (with water removed) of living organisms within a given trophic
level
Biotechnology the use or alteration of organisms to serve human needs
,Bioterrorism the use of biological agents to terrorize, injure, or kill groups of people
Biotic of or relating to living things
Biotic Potential the ability of a population to increase, resulting from maximal rate of
reproduction and minimal mortality
Budding a method of asexual reproduction in which a juvenile grows out of an adult
organism and eventually falls off to grown on its own
Calvin Cycle light-independent reations of photosynthesis in which the ATP and NADPH
generated from the light-dependent reactions provide energy for the synthesis of sugars
Capsule the outermost protective layer found on some prokaryotic cells
Carbohydrate one of the essential chemicals for life, used for energy and structure; made
up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
, Carbon Cycle the movement of carbon through an ecosystem, primarily through
photosynthesis and respiration
Carbon Fixation the process of synthesizing sugars from carbon dioxide and water
Carnivore a type of heterotroph that gets its energy for life by eating other animals
Carrying Capacity the maximum number of organisms that can exist in an ecosystem
given the available resources
Catabolism the destruction (break-down) of waste products, worn-out parts, or foreign
material inside a cell
Cell Cycle the events in the life of a dividing cell, consisting of G₁, S, G₂, M phases and
cytokinesis
Answers Verified by Experts
Autosomal Chromosome any of the non-sex chromosomes
Autotroph an organism that produces its own food, including photosynthetic organisms
such as green plants and photoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms such as sulfur bacteria
Auxin a plant hormone that causes elongation on one side of a plant, so part of the plant
may bend toward or away from a stimulus
Balance a tool used for measuring mass or weight that uses a counterweights of known
values for comparison
Behavioral Adaptation an inherited behavior, such as feeding, mating, breeding, or
migrating, that helps it survive in its environment
Bias a perspective that affects the way in which people interpret events and form beliefs
,Bilateral Symmetry a body plan in which the right and left sides of the animal are
symmetrical
Binary Fission a type of asexual reproduction used by bacteria in which the cell is split
into two identical cells through a process of elongation
Binomial Nomenclature a system of classification in which an organism is given a two-
word scientific name in Latin designating its genus and species
Biodiversity the variety and number of organisms on Earth
Biogenesis the theory that organisms can arise only from other organisms
Biomass the total mass (with water removed) of living organisms within a given trophic
level
Biotechnology the use or alteration of organisms to serve human needs
,Bioterrorism the use of biological agents to terrorize, injure, or kill groups of people
Biotic of or relating to living things
Biotic Potential the ability of a population to increase, resulting from maximal rate of
reproduction and minimal mortality
Budding a method of asexual reproduction in which a juvenile grows out of an adult
organism and eventually falls off to grown on its own
Calvin Cycle light-independent reations of photosynthesis in which the ATP and NADPH
generated from the light-dependent reactions provide energy for the synthesis of sugars
Capsule the outermost protective layer found on some prokaryotic cells
Carbohydrate one of the essential chemicals for life, used for energy and structure; made
up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
, Carbon Cycle the movement of carbon through an ecosystem, primarily through
photosynthesis and respiration
Carbon Fixation the process of synthesizing sugars from carbon dioxide and water
Carnivore a type of heterotroph that gets its energy for life by eating other animals
Carrying Capacity the maximum number of organisms that can exist in an ecosystem
given the available resources
Catabolism the destruction (break-down) of waste products, worn-out parts, or foreign
material inside a cell
Cell Cycle the events in the life of a dividing cell, consisting of G₁, S, G₂, M phases and
cytokinesis
