NSG 6604 Final Exam Study Guide With
Actual Answers.
Johnson - Answer Behavioral Systems Model
Her nursing model states that "each individual has patterned,
purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprises a behavioral
system specific to that individual."
-It advocates the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral
functioning in the patient to prevent illness. The patient is defined as a behavioral system
composed of seven behavioral subsystems: affiliative, dependency, ingestive, eliminative,
sexual, aggressive, and achievement.
-Each subsystem also has three functional requirements, which include:
(1) protection from noxious influences, (2) provision for a nurturing environment, (3)
stimulation for growth.
An imbalance in each system results in disequilibrium. The nurse's role is to help the patient
maintain his or her equilibrium.
Behavior System Model Goals of Nursing - Answer (1) To assist the patient whose behavior is
proportional to social demands.
(2) To assist the patient who can modify his behavior in ways that supports biological
imperatives.
(3) To assist the patient who can benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the physician's
knowledge and skill.
(4) To assist the patient whose behavior does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma as a
consequence of illness.
Behavioral Systems Model Assumptions - Answer Of the Person:
(1) There is "organization, interaction, interdependency and
integration of the parts and elements of behaviors that go to
make up the system."
(2) A system "tends to achieve a balance among the various
forces operating within and upon it, and that man strives continually to maintain a behavioral
system balance and steady-state by more or less automatic adjustments and adaptations to the
natural forces occurring on him."
,Of Structure and Function:
(1) "From the form the behavior takes and the consequences it
achieves can be inferred what 'drive' has been stimulated or
what 'goal' is being sought."
(2) Each person has a "predisposition to act concerning the
goal, in certain ways rather than the other ways." This
predisposition is called a "set."
(3) Each subsystem has a repertoire of choices called a
"scope of action."
(4) The individual patient's behavior produces an outcome that
can be observed.
Neuman - Answer Systems Model
-Defined as: a unique, open-system-based perspective that provides a
unifying focus for approaching a wide range of concerns.
-A system acts as a boundary for a single client, a group, or even
several groups; it can also be defined as a social issue.
-A client system in interaction with the environment delineates the
domain of nursing concerns."
The Neuman Systems Model views the client as an open system that
responds to stressors in the environment.
The client variables are physiological, psychological, sociocultural,
developmental, and spiritual.
The client system consists of a basic or core structure that is protected by
lines of resistance. The usual health level is identified as the normal
defense line protected by a flexible line of defense.
Stressors are intra-, inter-, and extra personal in nature and arise from the
internal, external, and created environments. When stressors break through the flexible line of
defense, the system is invaded, and the lines of resistance are activated.
The system is described as moving into illness on a wellness-illness continuum. If adequate
energy is available, the system will be reconstituted with the normal defense line restored at,
below, or above its previous level.
, -Many known, unknown, and universal stressors exist. Each differs in
its potential for disturbing a client's usual stability level or normal line of defense. The particular
interrelationships of client variables at any point in time can affect the degree to which a client
is protected by the flexible line of defense against possible reaction to stressors.
-Each client/client system has evolved a normal range of responses to the environment referred
to as a normal line of defense. The normal line of defense can be used as a standard from which
to measure health deviation.
-When the flexible line of defense is no longer capable of protecting the client/client system
against an environmental stressor, the stressor breaks through the normal line of defense.
-Whether in a state of wellness or illness, the client is a dynamic composite of the variables'
interrelationships. Wellness is on a continuum of available energy to support the system in an
optimal system stability state.
-Implicit within each client system is internal resistance factors known as lines of resistance,
which function to stabilize and realign the client to the usual wellness state.
Systems Model Levels of Prevention - Answer -Primary prevention relates to general
knowledge applied in client assessment and intervention in identifying and reducing or
mitigating possible or actual risk factors associated with environmental stressors to prevent a
possible reaction.
-Secondary prevention relates to symptomatology following a reaction to stressors, an
appropriate ranking of intervention priorities, and treatment to reduce their noxious effects.
-Tertiary prevention relates to the adjustive processes as reconstitution begins and maintenance
factors move the client back in a circular manner toward primary prevention.
-The client as a system is in dynamic, constant energy exchange with the environment.
(Neuman, 1995)
-Goal: to facilitate optimal wellness of client systems through retention, attainment, or
maintenance of client system stability.
Orem - Answer Self Care Deficit Theory
-There are instances where pts are encouraged to bring out the best in
them despite being ill for a period of time. This is very particular in rehabilitation settings, in
which patients are entitled to be more independent after being cared for by physicians and
nurses.
-Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory defined Nursing as "The act of assisting others in the
provision and management of self-care to maintain or improve human functioning at the home
level of effectiveness.
-" It focuses on each individual's ability to perform self-care, defined as "the practice of activities
that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-
Actual Answers.
Johnson - Answer Behavioral Systems Model
Her nursing model states that "each individual has patterned,
purposeful, repetitive ways of acting that comprises a behavioral
system specific to that individual."
-It advocates the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral
functioning in the patient to prevent illness. The patient is defined as a behavioral system
composed of seven behavioral subsystems: affiliative, dependency, ingestive, eliminative,
sexual, aggressive, and achievement.
-Each subsystem also has three functional requirements, which include:
(1) protection from noxious influences, (2) provision for a nurturing environment, (3)
stimulation for growth.
An imbalance in each system results in disequilibrium. The nurse's role is to help the patient
maintain his or her equilibrium.
Behavior System Model Goals of Nursing - Answer (1) To assist the patient whose behavior is
proportional to social demands.
(2) To assist the patient who can modify his behavior in ways that supports biological
imperatives.
(3) To assist the patient who can benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the physician's
knowledge and skill.
(4) To assist the patient whose behavior does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma as a
consequence of illness.
Behavioral Systems Model Assumptions - Answer Of the Person:
(1) There is "organization, interaction, interdependency and
integration of the parts and elements of behaviors that go to
make up the system."
(2) A system "tends to achieve a balance among the various
forces operating within and upon it, and that man strives continually to maintain a behavioral
system balance and steady-state by more or less automatic adjustments and adaptations to the
natural forces occurring on him."
,Of Structure and Function:
(1) "From the form the behavior takes and the consequences it
achieves can be inferred what 'drive' has been stimulated or
what 'goal' is being sought."
(2) Each person has a "predisposition to act concerning the
goal, in certain ways rather than the other ways." This
predisposition is called a "set."
(3) Each subsystem has a repertoire of choices called a
"scope of action."
(4) The individual patient's behavior produces an outcome that
can be observed.
Neuman - Answer Systems Model
-Defined as: a unique, open-system-based perspective that provides a
unifying focus for approaching a wide range of concerns.
-A system acts as a boundary for a single client, a group, or even
several groups; it can also be defined as a social issue.
-A client system in interaction with the environment delineates the
domain of nursing concerns."
The Neuman Systems Model views the client as an open system that
responds to stressors in the environment.
The client variables are physiological, psychological, sociocultural,
developmental, and spiritual.
The client system consists of a basic or core structure that is protected by
lines of resistance. The usual health level is identified as the normal
defense line protected by a flexible line of defense.
Stressors are intra-, inter-, and extra personal in nature and arise from the
internal, external, and created environments. When stressors break through the flexible line of
defense, the system is invaded, and the lines of resistance are activated.
The system is described as moving into illness on a wellness-illness continuum. If adequate
energy is available, the system will be reconstituted with the normal defense line restored at,
below, or above its previous level.
, -Many known, unknown, and universal stressors exist. Each differs in
its potential for disturbing a client's usual stability level or normal line of defense. The particular
interrelationships of client variables at any point in time can affect the degree to which a client
is protected by the flexible line of defense against possible reaction to stressors.
-Each client/client system has evolved a normal range of responses to the environment referred
to as a normal line of defense. The normal line of defense can be used as a standard from which
to measure health deviation.
-When the flexible line of defense is no longer capable of protecting the client/client system
against an environmental stressor, the stressor breaks through the normal line of defense.
-Whether in a state of wellness or illness, the client is a dynamic composite of the variables'
interrelationships. Wellness is on a continuum of available energy to support the system in an
optimal system stability state.
-Implicit within each client system is internal resistance factors known as lines of resistance,
which function to stabilize and realign the client to the usual wellness state.
Systems Model Levels of Prevention - Answer -Primary prevention relates to general
knowledge applied in client assessment and intervention in identifying and reducing or
mitigating possible or actual risk factors associated with environmental stressors to prevent a
possible reaction.
-Secondary prevention relates to symptomatology following a reaction to stressors, an
appropriate ranking of intervention priorities, and treatment to reduce their noxious effects.
-Tertiary prevention relates to the adjustive processes as reconstitution begins and maintenance
factors move the client back in a circular manner toward primary prevention.
-The client as a system is in dynamic, constant energy exchange with the environment.
(Neuman, 1995)
-Goal: to facilitate optimal wellness of client systems through retention, attainment, or
maintenance of client system stability.
Orem - Answer Self Care Deficit Theory
-There are instances where pts are encouraged to bring out the best in
them despite being ill for a period of time. This is very particular in rehabilitation settings, in
which patients are entitled to be more independent after being cared for by physicians and
nurses.
-Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory defined Nursing as "The act of assisting others in the
provision and management of self-care to maintain or improve human functioning at the home
level of effectiveness.
-" It focuses on each individual's ability to perform self-care, defined as "the practice of activities
that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-
