RNC-NIC: Respiratory UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Cortisol deficiency can be
associated with aldosterone deficiency= salt wasting
Salt wasting results in circulatory collapse- shock
Ambiguous genitalia
Treat with IV glucocorticoids
Ambiguous genitalia - CORRECT ANSWER - 21OH Deficiency- decreased cortisol
production leads to increased testosterone and androgens
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia electrolye imbalances - CORRECT ANSWER -
hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
hydronephrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - kidney swelling with urine due to blockage or
obstruction
common cause uteropelvic junction obstruction
treat with prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection of urine backing up
evaluate using VCUG
PUV - CORRECT ANSWER - Posterior urethral valves
Affects males only
Tissue blocks urethral valve and urine can't flow out of bladder
Causes: oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis, bladder distention, and lung hypoplasia
prune belly syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - underdeveloped abdominal wall
undescended testes (cryptorchidism)
,urinary tract problems
Stages of lung development (5) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Embryonic
2. Pseudoglandular
3. Canalicular
4. Saccular
5. Alveolar
Embryonic stage of lung development - CORRECT ANSWER - Up to 5 weeks
Development of major airways, trachea, and bronchi
Pseudoglandular lung development stage - CORRECT ANSWER - 6-16 weeks
Formation of bronchi and bronchioles
Canalicular lung stage development - CORRECT ANSWER - 16-25 Weeks
Viable lungs with gas exchange
Surfactant begins forming; acini forming; capillaries forming
Saccular lung stage development - CORRECT ANSWER - 26-35 Weeks
Final branching of air spaces
Alveolar lung stage development - CORRECT ANSWER - 35 weeks-term
Alveoli increasing until age 8
Type 1 Pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Line alveoli; responsible for gas exchange
between alveoli and capillaries
Type 2 pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Surfactant production
, What is surfactant made up of - CORRECT ANSWER - Phospholipids (lecithin) and
proteins
L/S ratio - CORRECT ANSWER - Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio- predicts risk for RDS
infants
L/S <2:1 = RDS
Antenatal corticosteroids and glucocorticoids purpose - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulates
surfactant production and matures lung cells
Antenatal steroids dosing - CORRECT ANSWER - Initial course given <28 weeks
q24 hrs x 2
Fetal lung clearance - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport of chloride stops and cells
pump Na out and fluid follows. Fluid excreted by lymphatic system or reabsorbed
Function of surfactant - CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease alveolar surface tension
prevents alveolar collapse
PG Level - CORRECT ANSWER - Phosphatidylglycerol level
unique for surfactant
determines advanced lung development
Exogenous surfactant administration mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reduces alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse
Curosurf - CORRECT ANSWER - 2.5mL/kg
Pig lung
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER - Cortisol deficiency can be
associated with aldosterone deficiency= salt wasting
Salt wasting results in circulatory collapse- shock
Ambiguous genitalia
Treat with IV glucocorticoids
Ambiguous genitalia - CORRECT ANSWER - 21OH Deficiency- decreased cortisol
production leads to increased testosterone and androgens
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia electrolye imbalances - CORRECT ANSWER -
hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
hydronephrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - kidney swelling with urine due to blockage or
obstruction
common cause uteropelvic junction obstruction
treat with prophylactic antibiotics to prevent infection of urine backing up
evaluate using VCUG
PUV - CORRECT ANSWER - Posterior urethral valves
Affects males only
Tissue blocks urethral valve and urine can't flow out of bladder
Causes: oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis, bladder distention, and lung hypoplasia
prune belly syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER - underdeveloped abdominal wall
undescended testes (cryptorchidism)
,urinary tract problems
Stages of lung development (5) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Embryonic
2. Pseudoglandular
3. Canalicular
4. Saccular
5. Alveolar
Embryonic stage of lung development - CORRECT ANSWER - Up to 5 weeks
Development of major airways, trachea, and bronchi
Pseudoglandular lung development stage - CORRECT ANSWER - 6-16 weeks
Formation of bronchi and bronchioles
Canalicular lung stage development - CORRECT ANSWER - 16-25 Weeks
Viable lungs with gas exchange
Surfactant begins forming; acini forming; capillaries forming
Saccular lung stage development - CORRECT ANSWER - 26-35 Weeks
Final branching of air spaces
Alveolar lung stage development - CORRECT ANSWER - 35 weeks-term
Alveoli increasing until age 8
Type 1 Pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Line alveoli; responsible for gas exchange
between alveoli and capillaries
Type 2 pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWER - Surfactant production
, What is surfactant made up of - CORRECT ANSWER - Phospholipids (lecithin) and
proteins
L/S ratio - CORRECT ANSWER - Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio- predicts risk for RDS
infants
L/S <2:1 = RDS
Antenatal corticosteroids and glucocorticoids purpose - CORRECT ANSWER - Stimulates
surfactant production and matures lung cells
Antenatal steroids dosing - CORRECT ANSWER - Initial course given <28 weeks
q24 hrs x 2
Fetal lung clearance - CORRECT ANSWER - Active transport of chloride stops and cells
pump Na out and fluid follows. Fluid excreted by lymphatic system or reabsorbed
Function of surfactant - CORRECT ANSWER - Decrease alveolar surface tension
prevents alveolar collapse
PG Level - CORRECT ANSWER - Phosphatidylglycerol level
unique for surfactant
determines advanced lung development
Exogenous surfactant administration mechanism of action - CORRECT ANSWER -
Reduces alveolar surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse
Curosurf - CORRECT ANSWER - 2.5mL/kg
Pig lung
