WGU C453 Clinical Microbiology / Expert Verified
Actual Questions & Answers for Guaranteed Pass |
Newest Update|already graded A+
|2025 edition
Bacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Single-
celledkorganismkthatkdoknotkhavekakcellknucleuskandkthekmembrane-
enclosedkintracellularkstructureskfoundkinkmostkotherkcellsk(Prokaryotickcell).
Gram-positivekBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Thickklayerkofkpeptidoglycank(20-
80nmkacross).kThekpeptidoglycanklayerkiskcloselykattachedktokthekouterksurfacekofkthekc
ellkmembrane.kRetainskcrystalkvioletkstains.kLackkankouterkmembranekandkakperiplasmi
ckspace.
Gram-negativekBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Cellkwallkiskthinner,kbutkmorekcomplex.kOnlyk10-
20%kpeptidoglycan.kContainskankouterkmembrane,kleavingkakveryknarrowkperiplasmicks
pace.kDoesknotkretainkcrystalkvioletkstainkbecausekofklargekquantitieskofklipoproteinskan
dklipopolysaccharidesk(endotoxin).
Acid-fastkBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Cellkwallkiskthick,kbutkconsistskofk60%klipids.kLipidskmakekacid-
fastkorganismskimpermeablektokmostkotherkstainskandkprotectkthemkfromkacidskandkalk
alis.kStainkaskgram-positive.kGrowkslowlykbecausektheklipidskimpededkentrykofknutrients.
Endotoxink-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Lipopolysaccharidek(LPS).kPartkofkthekouterkmembranekofkthekcellkwallkofkgram-
negativekbacteria.kItkcankcausekfeverkandkdilateskbloodkvessels-
kcausingkBPktokdrop.kBacteriaktypicallykreleasekthiskwhenktheykarekdying,ksokkillingkthe
mkincreaseskthekconcentrationkofkthisktoxicksubstance.kAntibioticskgivenklatekinkthekinfec
tionkcankcausekworseningkofksymptomskorkevenkdeath.
Wall-deficientkBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Protectedkbykakstrengthenedkcellkmembranekthatkcontainsksterols.kExample:kmycobacte
riumkparatuberculosiskwithkCrohn'skdisease-kakchronickdisorderkofkthekintestine.
Coccusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Spherekshapedkbacteria
,Coccobacillusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Shortkrodkshapedkbacteriak(betweenkcoccikandkbacilli)
Vibriok-kCORRECTkANSWER-Commakshapedkbacteria
Bacillusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Rodkshapedkbacteria
Spirillumk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Rigid,kwavykshapedkbacteria
Spirochetek-kCORRECTkANSWER-Corkscrewkshapekbacteria
Functionkofkcellkmembranek-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Tokregulatekmovementkofkmaterialskintokandkoutkofkthekcellkbyktransportkmechanisms.kIt
ksynthesizeskcellkwallkcomponents,kassistskwithkDNAkreplication,ksecreteskproteins,kcarr
ieskonkrespiration,kandkcaptureskenergykaskATP.
Functionkofkthekcellkwallk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Helpskmaintainkthekcharacteristickshapekofkthekcellkandkpreventskthekcellkfromkburstingk
whenkfluidskflowkintokthekcellkbykosmosis.kLieskoutsidekthekcellkmembrane.
Peptidoglycank-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Singlekmostkimportantkcomponentkofkthekbacterialkcellkwall.
Capsulek-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Discreteklayerkofkpolysaccharideskthatkprotectskthekcell.kPromoteskinfectionkbykprotectin
gkthekbacterialkcellkfromkengulfmentkbykpredatorykprotozoakorkWBCk(phagocytes).kAlsok
mediateskadherencekofkcellsktoksurfaces.
Pilik-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Tiny,khallowkprojectionskthatkarekusedktokattachkbacteriaktoksurfaces.kArekNOTkinvolved
kinkmovement.kPromotekinfectionkbyktransferringkDNAkamountkbacteria-
kwhichkinkturnkcanktransferkantibiotickresistance.kCankadherektokRBC kandkcausekbloodk
cellsktokclump.
Flagellak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Long,kthin,khelicalkappendageskthatkallowkbacteriaktokmove.
Endosporek-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Helpskthekorganismksurvive,kandkisknotkakmeanskofkreproduction.kTheykarekformedkwithi
nkthekcells,kcontainkveryklittlekwaterkandkarekhighlykresistantktokheat,kdrying,kacids,kbase
s,kcertainkdisinfectants,kandkevenkradiation.kTheykarekcapablekofksurvivingkadversekenvi
ronmentalkconditionskforklongkperiodskofktime.
Chemotaxisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Processkofkbacteriakmovingktowardkorkawaykfromksubstanceskinktheirkenvironment.kTow
ards-kpositive,kAway-kNegative.
, Bacteriakthatkproduceksporesk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Bacillus,kClostridium
Helminthsk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Worm-
likekorganismsklivingkinkandkfeedingkonklivekhosts,kreceivingknourishmentkandkprotection
kwhilekdisruptingktheirkhosts'knutrientkabsorption,kcausingkweaknesskandkdisease.kExam
ple:kFlukes,ktapeworms,kadultkround-wormskofkintestine,kandkroundwormklarvae.
Zygomycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Breadkmolds
Ascomycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Sackfungi.kYeasts.kReplicationkbyksexualkreproduction.
Basidiomycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Clubkfungi.kAmanitakandkotherkmushrooms.
Deuteromycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Fungikimperfecti.kSoilkorganisms.
Virusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Tiny,knonklivingkparticlekthatkinvadeskandkthenkreproduceskinsidekaklivingkcell.kContainko
nlykonekkindkofknucleickacid-keitherkDNAkorkRNAk(neverkboth).
Nakedkvirusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Viruskwithkonlykaknucleocapsidkandknokenvelope.
Envelopedkvirusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Havekakbilayerkmembranekoutsidektheirkcapsids.
Retrovirus:kSingle-strandedkpositive-sensekRNAkvirusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Viralkgroupkthatkproduceskreversektranscriptase.
MechanicalkVectork-kCORRECTkANSWER-
parasitekdoesknotkgokthroughkanykpartkofkitsklifekcyclekduringktransit.kFlieskthatkcarrykpar
asitekeggs,kbacteria,korkviruseskfromkfecesktokhumankfoodkarekmechanicalkvectors.
Mutualismk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Bothkmemberskofkthekassociationklivingktogetherkbenefitkfromkthekrelationship.
Parasitismk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Onekorganism,kthekparasite,kbenefitskfromkthekrelationship,kwhereaskthekotherkorganis
ms,kthekhost,kiskharmedkbykit.
Commensalismk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Twokspeciesklivektogetherkinkakrelationshipksuchkthatkonekbenefitskandkthekotherkonekne
itherkbenefitsknorkiskharmed.
Actual Questions & Answers for Guaranteed Pass |
Newest Update|already graded A+
|2025 edition
Bacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Single-
celledkorganismkthatkdoknotkhavekakcellknucleuskandkthekmembrane-
enclosedkintracellularkstructureskfoundkinkmostkotherkcellsk(Prokaryotickcell).
Gram-positivekBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Thickklayerkofkpeptidoglycank(20-
80nmkacross).kThekpeptidoglycanklayerkiskcloselykattachedktokthekouterksurfacekofkthekc
ellkmembrane.kRetainskcrystalkvioletkstains.kLackkankouterkmembranekandkakperiplasmi
ckspace.
Gram-negativekBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Cellkwallkiskthinner,kbutkmorekcomplex.kOnlyk10-
20%kpeptidoglycan.kContainskankouterkmembrane,kleavingkakveryknarrowkperiplasmicks
pace.kDoesknotkretainkcrystalkvioletkstainkbecausekofklargekquantitieskofklipoproteinskan
dklipopolysaccharidesk(endotoxin).
Acid-fastkBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Cellkwallkiskthick,kbutkconsistskofk60%klipids.kLipidskmakekacid-
fastkorganismskimpermeablektokmostkotherkstainskandkprotectkthemkfromkacidskandkalk
alis.kStainkaskgram-positive.kGrowkslowlykbecausektheklipidskimpededkentrykofknutrients.
Endotoxink-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Lipopolysaccharidek(LPS).kPartkofkthekouterkmembranekofkthekcellkwallkofkgram-
negativekbacteria.kItkcankcausekfeverkandkdilateskbloodkvessels-
kcausingkBPktokdrop.kBacteriaktypicallykreleasekthiskwhenktheykarekdying,ksokkillingkthe
mkincreaseskthekconcentrationkofkthisktoxicksubstance.kAntibioticskgivenklatekinkthekinfec
tionkcankcausekworseningkofksymptomskorkevenkdeath.
Wall-deficientkBacteriak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Protectedkbykakstrengthenedkcellkmembranekthatkcontainsksterols.kExample:kmycobacte
riumkparatuberculosiskwithkCrohn'skdisease-kakchronickdisorderkofkthekintestine.
Coccusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Spherekshapedkbacteria
,Coccobacillusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Shortkrodkshapedkbacteriak(betweenkcoccikandkbacilli)
Vibriok-kCORRECTkANSWER-Commakshapedkbacteria
Bacillusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Rodkshapedkbacteria
Spirillumk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Rigid,kwavykshapedkbacteria
Spirochetek-kCORRECTkANSWER-Corkscrewkshapekbacteria
Functionkofkcellkmembranek-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Tokregulatekmovementkofkmaterialskintokandkoutkofkthekcellkbyktransportkmechanisms.kIt
ksynthesizeskcellkwallkcomponents,kassistskwithkDNAkreplication,ksecreteskproteins,kcarr
ieskonkrespiration,kandkcaptureskenergykaskATP.
Functionkofkthekcellkwallk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Helpskmaintainkthekcharacteristickshapekofkthekcellkandkpreventskthekcellkfromkburstingk
whenkfluidskflowkintokthekcellkbykosmosis.kLieskoutsidekthekcellkmembrane.
Peptidoglycank-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Singlekmostkimportantkcomponentkofkthekbacterialkcellkwall.
Capsulek-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Discreteklayerkofkpolysaccharideskthatkprotectskthekcell.kPromoteskinfectionkbykprotectin
gkthekbacterialkcellkfromkengulfmentkbykpredatorykprotozoakorkWBCk(phagocytes).kAlsok
mediateskadherencekofkcellsktoksurfaces.
Pilik-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Tiny,khallowkprojectionskthatkarekusedktokattachkbacteriaktoksurfaces.kArekNOTkinvolved
kinkmovement.kPromotekinfectionkbyktransferringkDNAkamountkbacteria-
kwhichkinkturnkcanktransferkantibiotickresistance.kCankadherektokRBC kandkcausekbloodk
cellsktokclump.
Flagellak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Long,kthin,khelicalkappendageskthatkallowkbacteriaktokmove.
Endosporek-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Helpskthekorganismksurvive,kandkisknotkakmeanskofkreproduction.kTheykarekformedkwithi
nkthekcells,kcontainkveryklittlekwaterkandkarekhighlykresistantktokheat,kdrying,kacids,kbase
s,kcertainkdisinfectants,kandkevenkradiation.kTheykarekcapablekofksurvivingkadversekenvi
ronmentalkconditionskforklongkperiodskofktime.
Chemotaxisk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Processkofkbacteriakmovingktowardkorkawaykfromksubstanceskinktheirkenvironment.kTow
ards-kpositive,kAway-kNegative.
, Bacteriakthatkproduceksporesk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Bacillus,kClostridium
Helminthsk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Worm-
likekorganismsklivingkinkandkfeedingkonklivekhosts,kreceivingknourishmentkandkprotection
kwhilekdisruptingktheirkhosts'knutrientkabsorption,kcausingkweaknesskandkdisease.kExam
ple:kFlukes,ktapeworms,kadultkround-wormskofkintestine,kandkroundwormklarvae.
Zygomycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Breadkmolds
Ascomycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Sackfungi.kYeasts.kReplicationkbyksexualkreproduction.
Basidiomycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Clubkfungi.kAmanitakandkotherkmushrooms.
Deuteromycotak-kCORRECTkANSWER-Fungikimperfecti.kSoilkorganisms.
Virusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Tiny,knonklivingkparticlekthatkinvadeskandkthenkreproduceskinsidekaklivingkcell.kContainko
nlykonekkindkofknucleickacid-keitherkDNAkorkRNAk(neverkboth).
Nakedkvirusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-Viruskwithkonlykaknucleocapsidkandknokenvelope.
Envelopedkvirusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Havekakbilayerkmembranekoutsidektheirkcapsids.
Retrovirus:kSingle-strandedkpositive-sensekRNAkvirusk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Viralkgroupkthatkproduceskreversektranscriptase.
MechanicalkVectork-kCORRECTkANSWER-
parasitekdoesknotkgokthroughkanykpartkofkitsklifekcyclekduringktransit.kFlieskthatkcarrykpar
asitekeggs,kbacteria,korkviruseskfromkfecesktokhumankfoodkarekmechanicalkvectors.
Mutualismk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Bothkmemberskofkthekassociationklivingktogetherkbenefitkfromkthekrelationship.
Parasitismk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Onekorganism,kthekparasite,kbenefitskfromkthekrelationship,kwhereaskthekotherkorganis
ms,kthekhost,kiskharmedkbykit.
Commensalismk-kCORRECTkANSWER-
Twokspeciesklivektogetherkinkakrelationshipksuchkthatkonekbenefitskandkthekotherkonekne
itherkbenefitsknorkiskharmed.
