D118 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% LATEST UPDATE.
,What is evidenced-based practice and why is it important in healthcare? -
ANSWEREvidence-based practice (EBP) is defined by Duke University Medical Center
as "the integration of clinical expertise, patient values and the best research evidence
into the decision-making process for patient care.
DESCRIBE the standard methods for appraising evidence including evidence grading
scales. - ANSWERRandomized control trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) are
considered the goal standards in the types of evidence hierarchical structure.
the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care - ANSWERIOWA
Model was developed at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics in 1990s to serve
as a guide for nurses to use research findings to help improve patient care. The model
was developed as a pathway or method to EBP - a method to guide the steps to help
identify issues, research solutions and implement changes
ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation - ANSWERThe ACE Star Model
emphasizes crucial steps to convert one form of knowledge to the next and incorporate
best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences thereby achieving
EBP
the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model - ANSWERThe Johns
Hopkins Nursing EBP Model is a powerful problem-solving approach to clinical decision-
making, and is accompanied by user-friendly tools to guide individual or group use. It is
designed specifically to meet the needs of the practicing nurse.
the Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice. - ANSWERThe Stetler model of research
use is based on the notion that the user's internal characteristics, as well as external
environmental factors, influence use of knowledge.
What are the stages involved in Lewn's change theory and how does this apply to
evidenced-based practice? - ANSWERKurt Lewin developed a change model involving
three steps: unfreezing, changing and refreezing. For Lewin, the process of change
entails creating the perception that a change is needed, then moving toward the new,
desired level of behavior and, finally, solidifying that new behavior as the norm.
Name the domains of wellness and describe each type. - ANSWERPhysical.
Emotional.
Intellectual.
Social.
Spiritual.
Environmental.
Occupational.
FINANCIAL
,Explain the reasons why transitions of care increase risks for adverse events. -
ANSWERTransitions increase the risk of adverse events due to the potential for
miscommunication as responsibility is given to new parties. Hospital discharge is a
complex process representing a time of significant vulnerability for patients
Describe different models of chronic care coordination. - ANSWERSeveral models of
care have been established, including Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMHs), self-
management programs, house call or home-based primary care programs, and distance
chronic disease programs (telehealth)`
Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous telemedicine and the
significance of this type of healthcare delivery in the US. - ANSWERSynchronous or
real-time telehealth requires the presence of both parties at the same time and a
communication link between them that allows a real-time interaction to take place.
Videoconferencing equipment is one of the most common forms of technologies used in
synchronous telehealth. There are also peripheral devices that can be attached to
computers or the videoconferencing equipment, which can aid in an interactive
examination.
Asynchronous telehealth involves acquiring medical data (e.g., medical images,
biosignals, voice recordings) and then transmitting these data to a doctor or medical
specialist at a convenient time for assessment offline. It does not require the presence
of both parties at the same time.
What are the key components of social determinants of health and why are they
significant? - ANSWERSocial determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in the
environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that
affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
Identify two national initiatives to improve health care quality and patient care
throughout the US - ANSWERBetter CareImprove quality by making health care more
person-centered, reliable, accessible, and safe.
Describe the NNDSS. - ANSWERThe National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System
(NNDSS) is a nationwide collaboration that enables all levels of public health (local,
state, territorial, federal, and international) to share health information to monitor,
control, and prevent the occurrence and spread of state-reportable and nationally
notifiable
What is included in palliative care? - ANSWERAligning treatment outcomes with the
patient's values and preferences.
Improving quality of life for both the patient and the family.
Minimizing pain and discomfort.
Alleviating emotional distress, anxiety, or depression.
Assisting with safety, mobility, and equipment.
Spiritual counseling.
, More items...
Explain the epidemiologic triad for infectious disease causation. - ANSWERThe triad
consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the
host and agent together. In this model, disease results from the interaction between the
agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the
agent from a source to that host.
Describe the prevention framework and its various levels. - ANSWERPrimary
Prevention—intervening before health effects occur, through measures such as
vaccinations, altering risky behaviors (poor eating habits, tobacco use), and banning
substances known to be associated with a disease or health condition.8,9
2. Secondary Prevention—screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before
the onset of signs and symptoms, through measures such as mammography and
regular blood pressure testing.10
3. Tertiary Prevention—managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop disease
progression through measures such as chemotherapy, rehabili- tation, and screening
for complications.11
Which health conditions are included in the Healthy People 2030 objectives. How have
the 2030 objectives changed from Healthy People 2020? - ANSWERFor the first time,
Healthy People 2030 also sets 10-year targets for objectives related to social
determinants of health. And we've updated our health literacy definition for the first time
in 20 years to emphasize how both individuals and organizations can help improve
health literacy.
In addition, Healthy People 2030 features 8 Overall Health and Well-Being Measures
(OHMs)
Discuss the current screening guidelines for the following conditions in Adults: HIV
infection, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, unhealthy drug use, hepatitis C,
abdominal aortic aneurysm, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and osteoporosis. -
ANSWERHIV infection-The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for HIV
infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older
adults who are at increased risk of infection should also be screened. See the Clinical
Considerations section for more information about assessment of risk, screening
intervals, and rescreening in pregnancy. Current CDC guidelines recommend testing for
HIV infection with an antigen/antibody immunoassay approved by the US Food and
Drug Administration that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen,
with supplemental testing following a reactive assay to differentiate between HIV-1 and
HIV-2 antibodies. If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies is nonreactive or
indeterminate (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected or reported), an
HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a
false-positive test result
Describe the screening guidelines for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes
mellitus for adults aged 40-70 years who are overweight or obese. -
100% LATEST UPDATE.
,What is evidenced-based practice and why is it important in healthcare? -
ANSWEREvidence-based practice (EBP) is defined by Duke University Medical Center
as "the integration of clinical expertise, patient values and the best research evidence
into the decision-making process for patient care.
DESCRIBE the standard methods for appraising evidence including evidence grading
scales. - ANSWERRandomized control trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) are
considered the goal standards in the types of evidence hierarchical structure.
the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care - ANSWERIOWA
Model was developed at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics in 1990s to serve
as a guide for nurses to use research findings to help improve patient care. The model
was developed as a pathway or method to EBP - a method to guide the steps to help
identify issues, research solutions and implement changes
ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation - ANSWERThe ACE Star Model
emphasizes crucial steps to convert one form of knowledge to the next and incorporate
best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences thereby achieving
EBP
the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model - ANSWERThe Johns
Hopkins Nursing EBP Model is a powerful problem-solving approach to clinical decision-
making, and is accompanied by user-friendly tools to guide individual or group use. It is
designed specifically to meet the needs of the practicing nurse.
the Stetler Model of Evidence-Based Practice. - ANSWERThe Stetler model of research
use is based on the notion that the user's internal characteristics, as well as external
environmental factors, influence use of knowledge.
What are the stages involved in Lewn's change theory and how does this apply to
evidenced-based practice? - ANSWERKurt Lewin developed a change model involving
three steps: unfreezing, changing and refreezing. For Lewin, the process of change
entails creating the perception that a change is needed, then moving toward the new,
desired level of behavior and, finally, solidifying that new behavior as the norm.
Name the domains of wellness and describe each type. - ANSWERPhysical.
Emotional.
Intellectual.
Social.
Spiritual.
Environmental.
Occupational.
FINANCIAL
,Explain the reasons why transitions of care increase risks for adverse events. -
ANSWERTransitions increase the risk of adverse events due to the potential for
miscommunication as responsibility is given to new parties. Hospital discharge is a
complex process representing a time of significant vulnerability for patients
Describe different models of chronic care coordination. - ANSWERSeveral models of
care have been established, including Patient-Centered Medical Homes (PCMHs), self-
management programs, house call or home-based primary care programs, and distance
chronic disease programs (telehealth)`
Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous telemedicine and the
significance of this type of healthcare delivery in the US. - ANSWERSynchronous or
real-time telehealth requires the presence of both parties at the same time and a
communication link between them that allows a real-time interaction to take place.
Videoconferencing equipment is one of the most common forms of technologies used in
synchronous telehealth. There are also peripheral devices that can be attached to
computers or the videoconferencing equipment, which can aid in an interactive
examination.
Asynchronous telehealth involves acquiring medical data (e.g., medical images,
biosignals, voice recordings) and then transmitting these data to a doctor or medical
specialist at a convenient time for assessment offline. It does not require the presence
of both parties at the same time.
What are the key components of social determinants of health and why are they
significant? - ANSWERSocial determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions in the
environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that
affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
Identify two national initiatives to improve health care quality and patient care
throughout the US - ANSWERBetter CareImprove quality by making health care more
person-centered, reliable, accessible, and safe.
Describe the NNDSS. - ANSWERThe National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System
(NNDSS) is a nationwide collaboration that enables all levels of public health (local,
state, territorial, federal, and international) to share health information to monitor,
control, and prevent the occurrence and spread of state-reportable and nationally
notifiable
What is included in palliative care? - ANSWERAligning treatment outcomes with the
patient's values and preferences.
Improving quality of life for both the patient and the family.
Minimizing pain and discomfort.
Alleviating emotional distress, anxiety, or depression.
Assisting with safety, mobility, and equipment.
Spiritual counseling.
, More items...
Explain the epidemiologic triad for infectious disease causation. - ANSWERThe triad
consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the
host and agent together. In this model, disease results from the interaction between the
agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the
agent from a source to that host.
Describe the prevention framework and its various levels. - ANSWERPrimary
Prevention—intervening before health effects occur, through measures such as
vaccinations, altering risky behaviors (poor eating habits, tobacco use), and banning
substances known to be associated with a disease or health condition.8,9
2. Secondary Prevention—screening to identify diseases in the earliest stages, before
the onset of signs and symptoms, through measures such as mammography and
regular blood pressure testing.10
3. Tertiary Prevention—managing disease post diagnosis to slow or stop disease
progression through measures such as chemotherapy, rehabili- tation, and screening
for complications.11
Which health conditions are included in the Healthy People 2030 objectives. How have
the 2030 objectives changed from Healthy People 2020? - ANSWERFor the first time,
Healthy People 2030 also sets 10-year targets for objectives related to social
determinants of health. And we've updated our health literacy definition for the first time
in 20 years to emphasize how both individuals and organizations can help improve
health literacy.
In addition, Healthy People 2030 features 8 Overall Health and Well-Being Measures
(OHMs)
Discuss the current screening guidelines for the following conditions in Adults: HIV
infection, colorectal cancer, high blood pressure, unhealthy drug use, hepatitis C,
abdominal aortic aneurysm, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and osteoporosis. -
ANSWERHIV infection-The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for HIV
infection in adolescents and adults aged 15 to 65 years. Younger adolescents and older
adults who are at increased risk of infection should also be screened. See the Clinical
Considerations section for more information about assessment of risk, screening
intervals, and rescreening in pregnancy. Current CDC guidelines recommend testing for
HIV infection with an antigen/antibody immunoassay approved by the US Food and
Drug Administration that detects HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies and the HIV-1 p24 antigen,
with supplemental testing following a reactive assay to differentiate between HIV-1 and
HIV-2 antibodies. If supplemental testing for HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies is nonreactive or
indeterminate (or if acute HIV infection or recent exposure is suspected or reported), an
HIV-1 nucleic acid test is recommended to differentiate acute HIV-1 infection from a
false-positive test result
Describe the screening guidelines for abnormal blood glucose and type 2 diabetes
mellitus for adults aged 40-70 years who are overweight or obese. -
