ASCP STUDY GUIDE 18-CHEMISTRY
Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as a glucose of: -
<45 mg/dL (<2.5 mmol/L)
Diagnosis of hypoglycemia in adults.
The following results are from a 21-year-old patient with a back injury who appears otherwise
healthy:
whole blood glucose: 77 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L) serum glucose: 88 mg/dL (4.8 mmol/L)
CSF glucose: 56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L)
The best interpretation of these results is that: -
all values are consistent with a normal healthy individual
The preparation of a patient for standard glucose tolerance testing should include: -
a high carbohydrate diet for 3 days
If a fasting glucose was 90 mg/dL, which of the following 2-hr postprandial glucose results would
most closely represent normal glucose metabolism? -
100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)
Normal 2-hour postprandial value.
A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L) would have a simultaneously
determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of. -
50 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L)
A 25-year-old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75 g
carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. The best course of action is to. -
draw blood for glucose and discontinue test
Use of partial GTT information.
Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be:
a refrigerated -
analyzed immediately
Which of the following 2 hour postprandial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal
hyperglycemia diagnostic for diabetes mellitus? -
200 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L)
Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are: -
lower than adults
A 45-year-old woman has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L) and a 2-
hr postprandial glucose concentration of 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The statement which best
describes this patient's fasting serum glucose concentration is: -
1
, normal; reflecting glycogen breakdown by the liver
Pregnant women with symptoms of thirst, urination or unexplained weight loss should have which
of the following tests performed? -
glucose tolerance test
In the fasting state, the arterial and capillary blood glucose concentration varies from the venous
glucose concentration by approximately how many mg/dL (mmol/L)? -
5 mg/dL (0.27 mmol/L) higher
The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called: -
glycolysis
Which one of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnostic of
diabetes mellitus? -
fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
Monitoring long-term glucose control in patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be
accomplished by measuring: -
hemoglobin A1c
A patient with Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the following results:
Test Patient Reference Range
fasting blood glucose: 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L) 70-110 mg/dL (3.9-6.1 mmol/L)
hemoglobin A1c: 8.5% 4.0%-6.0%
fructosamine: 2.5 mmol/L 2.0-2.9 mmol/L
After reviewing these test results, the technologist concluded that the patient is in a: -
improving state of metabolic control as indicated by fructosamine
Total glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the: -
average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months
Which of the following hemoglobins has glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine in the
beta chain? -
A1C
A patient with hemolytic anemia will: -
show a decrease in glycated Hgb value
In using ion-exchange chromatographic methods, falsely increased levels of Hgb A1C might be
demonstrated in the presence of: -
Hgb S
An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of. -
carbohydrates
2
, An infant with diarrhea is being evaluated for a carbohydrate intolerance. His stool yields a positive
copper reduction test and a pH of 5.0. It should be concluded that: -
a further tests are indicated
Blood samples were collected at the beginning of an exercise class and after thirty minutes of
aerobic activity. Which of the following would be most consistent with the post-exercise sample? -
elevated lactic acid, elevated pyruvate
What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency? -
H2 breath test
The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern of: -
metabolic acidosis
Severe diarrhea causes? -
metabolic acidosis
The following blood gas results were obtained:
pH: 7.18
P02: 86 mm Hg
PCO2: 60 mm Hg
02 saturation: 92%
HC03: 7921 mEq/L (21 mmol/L)
TC02: 23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L)
base excess: -8.0 mEq/L (-8.0 mmol/L)
The patient's results are compatible with which of the following? -
emphysema
Factors that contribute to a PCO2 electrode requiring 60-120 seconds to reach equilibrium include
the: -
diffusion characteristics of the membrane
An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in
what metabolic state? -
a respiratory acidosis
At blood pH 7.40, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid? -
20:1
The reference range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37°C is? -
7.35-7.45
A 68-year-old man arrives in the emergency room with a glucose level of 722 mg dL (39.7 mmol/L)
and serum acetone of 4+ undiluted. An arterial blood gas from this patient -
a low pH
3
Following overnight fasting, hypoglycemia in adults is defined as a glucose of: -
<45 mg/dL (<2.5 mmol/L)
Diagnosis of hypoglycemia in adults.
The following results are from a 21-year-old patient with a back injury who appears otherwise
healthy:
whole blood glucose: 77 mg/dL (4.2 mmol/L) serum glucose: 88 mg/dL (4.8 mmol/L)
CSF glucose: 56 mg/dL (3.1 mmol/L)
The best interpretation of these results is that: -
all values are consistent with a normal healthy individual
The preparation of a patient for standard glucose tolerance testing should include: -
a high carbohydrate diet for 3 days
If a fasting glucose was 90 mg/dL, which of the following 2-hr postprandial glucose results would
most closely represent normal glucose metabolism? -
100 mg/dL (5.5 mmol/L)
Normal 2-hour postprandial value.
A healthy person with a blood glucose of 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L) would have a simultaneously
determined cerebrospinal fluid glucose value of. -
50 mg/dL (2.3 mmol/L)
A 25-year-old man became nauseated and vomited 90 minutes after receiving a standard 75 g
carbohydrate dose for an oral glucose tolerance test. The best course of action is to. -
draw blood for glucose and discontinue test
Use of partial GTT information.
Cerebrospinal fluid for glucose assay should be:
a refrigerated -
analyzed immediately
Which of the following 2 hour postprandial glucose values demonstrates unequivocal
hyperglycemia diagnostic for diabetes mellitus? -
200 mg/dL (11.0 mmol/L)
Serum levels that define hypoglycemia in pre-term or low birth weight infants are: -
lower than adults
A 45-year-old woman has a fasting serum glucose concentration of 95 mg/dL (5.2 mmol/L) and a 2-
hr postprandial glucose concentration of 105 mg/dL (5.8 mmol/L). The statement which best
describes this patient's fasting serum glucose concentration is: -
1
, normal; reflecting glycogen breakdown by the liver
Pregnant women with symptoms of thirst, urination or unexplained weight loss should have which
of the following tests performed? -
glucose tolerance test
In the fasting state, the arterial and capillary blood glucose concentration varies from the venous
glucose concentration by approximately how many mg/dL (mmol/L)? -
5 mg/dL (0.27 mmol/L) higher
The conversion of glucose or other hexoses into lactate or pyruvate is called: -
glycolysis
Which one of the following values obtained during a glucose tolerance test are diagnostic of
diabetes mellitus? -
fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL (6.9 mmol/L)
Monitoring long-term glucose control in patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus can best be
accomplished by measuring: -
hemoglobin A1c
A patient with Type I, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has the following results:
Test Patient Reference Range
fasting blood glucose: 150 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L) 70-110 mg/dL (3.9-6.1 mmol/L)
hemoglobin A1c: 8.5% 4.0%-6.0%
fructosamine: 2.5 mmol/L 2.0-2.9 mmol/L
After reviewing these test results, the technologist concluded that the patient is in a: -
improving state of metabolic control as indicated by fructosamine
Total glycosylated hemoglobin levels in a hemolysate reflect the: -
average blood glucose levels of the past 2-3 months
Which of the following hemoglobins has glucose-6-phosphate on the amino-terminal valine in the
beta chain? -
A1C
A patient with hemolytic anemia will: -
show a decrease in glycated Hgb value
In using ion-exchange chromatographic methods, falsely increased levels of Hgb A1C might be
demonstrated in the presence of: -
Hgb S
An increase in serum acetone is indicative of a defect in the metabolism of. -
carbohydrates
2
, An infant with diarrhea is being evaluated for a carbohydrate intolerance. His stool yields a positive
copper reduction test and a pH of 5.0. It should be concluded that: -
a further tests are indicated
Blood samples were collected at the beginning of an exercise class and after thirty minutes of
aerobic activity. Which of the following would be most consistent with the post-exercise sample? -
elevated lactic acid, elevated pyruvate
What is the best method to diagnose lactase deficiency? -
H2 breath test
The expected blood gas results for a patient in chronic renal failure would match the pattern of: -
metabolic acidosis
Severe diarrhea causes? -
metabolic acidosis
The following blood gas results were obtained:
pH: 7.18
P02: 86 mm Hg
PCO2: 60 mm Hg
02 saturation: 92%
HC03: 7921 mEq/L (21 mmol/L)
TC02: 23 mEq/L (23 mmol/L)
base excess: -8.0 mEq/L (-8.0 mmol/L)
The patient's results are compatible with which of the following? -
emphysema
Factors that contribute to a PCO2 electrode requiring 60-120 seconds to reach equilibrium include
the: -
diffusion characteristics of the membrane
An emphysema patient suffering from fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces is likely to be in
what metabolic state? -
a respiratory acidosis
At blood pH 7.40, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid? -
20:1
The reference range for the pH of arterial blood measured at 37°C is? -
7.35-7.45
A 68-year-old man arrives in the emergency room with a glucose level of 722 mg dL (39.7 mmol/L)
and serum acetone of 4+ undiluted. An arterial blood gas from this patient -
a low pH
3
