Exam Cram NCLEX-PN Questions with Verified
Solutions| Latest Update
What is a vesicant chemotherapy? ✔️✔️Vesicant chemotherapy is a type of drug that is given
during the chemotherapy process and that can cause blistering and swelling at the site of the
injection. In extreme cases, a vesicant drug can go into nearby tissues, also known as
extravasation, and can cause tissue or skin necrosis, or dead cells.
What is a valsalva maneuver? ✔️✔️The Valsalva maneuver or Valsalva maneuver is performed by
moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's
mouth, pinching one's nose shut while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon.
What is a Subcutaneous Injection? ✔️✔️A subcutaneous injection is an injection, or shot, into the
fatty layer of tissue located under the skin. These types of shots typically use a very short
needle. The pain associated with a subcutaneous injection is usually minimal.
Shots are used to administer medications into a blood vessel, muscle, or subcutaneous tissue.
Subcutaneous tissue is located below the epidermis and dermal layers of the skin. This layer of
tissue is mostly composed of fat cells. Medications injected into this area are absorbed
constantly and slowly which offers a longer lasting effect.
Injectable drugs that a patient must administer to himself are often given by subcutaneous
injection. The small needle and limited risk of hitting a nerve or blood vessel make
subcutaneous self-administration preferable to intramuscular shots. Patients who must inject
medications frequently are advised to rotate injection sites so that the area does not become
excessively tender, and so that cysts will not form and inhibit drug absorption.
To give a subcutaneous injection, gather an alcohol wipe, the bottle of medication, the
packaged syringe, a gauze pad, and a chart for recording site rotation, if one is being used. Hand
washing is critical to minimize the introduction of bacteria into the injection site. The top of the
medication bottle should be wiped with the alcohol wipe to ensure cleanliness.
What is the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1986? ✔️✔️•All hospitals are mandated to establish
protocols for identifying potential tissue and organ donors.
, •The donor organization does not have to be notified by the physician, the primary nurse can
do this also.
•The physician can approach the family about organ and tissue donation, but ideally, this is
done by a representative of the donor organization.
•The medical examiner does not have to be notified unless she is directly involved in the
patient's case.
What is renal failure? ✔️✔️When kidney failure occurs quickly, it is called acute kidney failure or
acute renal failure, according to the Mayo Clinic. Acute renal failure usually occurs when a
patient is already in the hospital and has other pre-existing conditions or diseases. Acute kidney
failure can occur in as little as a few hours, and most of the time the damage can not be fixed
unless treatment is instantaneous, reports the Mayo Clinic. People with acute kidney failure
usually developed it from damage due to infections, medications or poisons, as well as a
sudden blockage that prevents urine flow or a sudden inability to deliver blood to the kidneys,
reports WebMD.
When kidney failure occurs slowly over time, it is typically due to autoimmune disease, injuries,
ongoing medications and genetic diseases. In order to prevent kidney failure, doctors
recommend that patients try to limit their alcohol intake, do not use tobacco, exercise as many
days of the week as they can and eat a diet that does not have much sodium or fat, reports the
American Kidney Fund. Treatment involves a kidney transplant or dialysis.
What is patency? ✔️✔️The state or quality of being open, expanded, or unblocked.
What is a pneumothorax? ✔️✔️The presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and
the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.
What is a hypertonic solution? ✔️✔️•Hypertonic solution contains more solutes than the serum,
making its osmolarity higher. This will raise the serum osmolarity and pull fluid into the vascular
space by diffusion (Due to the concentration gradient).
Solutions| Latest Update
What is a vesicant chemotherapy? ✔️✔️Vesicant chemotherapy is a type of drug that is given
during the chemotherapy process and that can cause blistering and swelling at the site of the
injection. In extreme cases, a vesicant drug can go into nearby tissues, also known as
extravasation, and can cause tissue or skin necrosis, or dead cells.
What is a valsalva maneuver? ✔️✔️The Valsalva maneuver or Valsalva maneuver is performed by
moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's
mouth, pinching one's nose shut while pressing out as if blowing up a balloon.
What is a Subcutaneous Injection? ✔️✔️A subcutaneous injection is an injection, or shot, into the
fatty layer of tissue located under the skin. These types of shots typically use a very short
needle. The pain associated with a subcutaneous injection is usually minimal.
Shots are used to administer medications into a blood vessel, muscle, or subcutaneous tissue.
Subcutaneous tissue is located below the epidermis and dermal layers of the skin. This layer of
tissue is mostly composed of fat cells. Medications injected into this area are absorbed
constantly and slowly which offers a longer lasting effect.
Injectable drugs that a patient must administer to himself are often given by subcutaneous
injection. The small needle and limited risk of hitting a nerve or blood vessel make
subcutaneous self-administration preferable to intramuscular shots. Patients who must inject
medications frequently are advised to rotate injection sites so that the area does not become
excessively tender, and so that cysts will not form and inhibit drug absorption.
To give a subcutaneous injection, gather an alcohol wipe, the bottle of medication, the
packaged syringe, a gauze pad, and a chart for recording site rotation, if one is being used. Hand
washing is critical to minimize the introduction of bacteria into the injection site. The top of the
medication bottle should be wiped with the alcohol wipe to ensure cleanliness.
What is the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1986? ✔️✔️•All hospitals are mandated to establish
protocols for identifying potential tissue and organ donors.
, •The donor organization does not have to be notified by the physician, the primary nurse can
do this also.
•The physician can approach the family about organ and tissue donation, but ideally, this is
done by a representative of the donor organization.
•The medical examiner does not have to be notified unless she is directly involved in the
patient's case.
What is renal failure? ✔️✔️When kidney failure occurs quickly, it is called acute kidney failure or
acute renal failure, according to the Mayo Clinic. Acute renal failure usually occurs when a
patient is already in the hospital and has other pre-existing conditions or diseases. Acute kidney
failure can occur in as little as a few hours, and most of the time the damage can not be fixed
unless treatment is instantaneous, reports the Mayo Clinic. People with acute kidney failure
usually developed it from damage due to infections, medications or poisons, as well as a
sudden blockage that prevents urine flow or a sudden inability to deliver blood to the kidneys,
reports WebMD.
When kidney failure occurs slowly over time, it is typically due to autoimmune disease, injuries,
ongoing medications and genetic diseases. In order to prevent kidney failure, doctors
recommend that patients try to limit their alcohol intake, do not use tobacco, exercise as many
days of the week as they can and eat a diet that does not have much sodium or fat, reports the
American Kidney Fund. Treatment involves a kidney transplant or dialysis.
What is patency? ✔️✔️The state or quality of being open, expanded, or unblocked.
What is a pneumothorax? ✔️✔️The presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and
the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.
What is a hypertonic solution? ✔️✔️•Hypertonic solution contains more solutes than the serum,
making its osmolarity higher. This will raise the serum osmolarity and pull fluid into the vascular
space by diffusion (Due to the concentration gradient).
