PSYC 435 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Pass

PSYC 435 Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers 100% Pass contagious behavior - Answers Not observational learning a more-or-less instinctive or reflexive behavior triggered by the occurrence of the same behavior in another individual ex: you see someone else yawn and so you yawn Stimulus enhancement - Answers directing attention to a particular place or object, making it more likely that the observer will approach that place or object ex: changing the way a price tag looks to draw your attention and make you more likely to buy the product observational learning - Answers learning by observing others; also called social learning you must have a model (performs behavior) and an observer (observes behavior) vicarious emotional response - Answers a classically conditioned emotional response resulting from seeing that emotional response exhibited by others ex: you see someone who is sad, so you also begin to feel sad acquisition (operant conditioning) - Answers things that makes someone pay attention to the behavior: -when observer can benefit from the model (ex: a person with a broken leg may not have any motivation to pay attention to someone riding a bike) -when the animal engaging in the behaviors is similar to observer -model is admired by observer (ex: when your favorite influencer does something, you will take in this knowledge) performance (operant conditioning) - Answers -more likely to perform behavior when the observer sees the model begin rewarded for their behavior -your history with the behavior (ex: if you've not been successful on a bike, you are less likely to want to try a unicycle) True Limitation - Answers achieving the goal by following all the steps in the process social learning & aggression - Answers -Learning aggressive behavior and the consequences of such behavior impact likelihood of being aggressive. -banduras research: children (observers) adults (models), found an increase in behaviors in children when they observe aggressive behaviors in adults. -strong correlational evidence in media violence leading to more aggression rule-governed behavior - Answers behavior that has been generated through exposure to rules ex: you wont drive through a red light because you do not want a ticket rule-governed behavior in animals vs humans - Answers - teach a rat to lever press in response to tone: 1. shape its behavior 2. reinforce its behavior 3. discrimination training - teach a human to lever press in response to tone: 1. just tell them the rule rule-governed behavior in a child - Answers "if you clean your room, we can go to the park" - child follows rule possible consequences *receives enforcer/goes to park: more likely to follow future rules *does not receive enforcer/doesn't go to park: less likely to follow rules - child doesn't follow rule possible outcomes: *receives enforcer: rule wasn't meaningful, less likely to follow rules in future *doesn't receive enforcer: more likely to follow rules in future disadvantages of rule-governed behavior - Answers - often less efficient than behavior that has been directly shaped by natural contingencies ex: driving through a red light and actually getting a ticket is more efficient than just hearing the rule but never experiencing it - sometimes surprisingly insensitive to the actual contingencies of reinforcement Personal Rules in Self-Regulation - Answers verbal descriptions of contingencies that we present to ourselves to influence our behavior preparedness in classical conditioning - Answers innate tendency for an organism to more easily learn certain types of behaviors or to associate certain types of events with each other taste aversion conditioning - Answers -a form of classical conditioning in which a food item that has been paired with gastrointestinal illness becomes a conditioned aversive stimulus