INSTRUCTOR’S SOLUTIONS
trewa
MANUAL
DIRK TEMPELAAR
Masstricht University
TB
BUSINESS S TATISTICS
A
T HIRD E DITION
N
KM
Robert A. Donnelly
AF
IA
@
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics… ...................................................................... 1-1
Chapter 2: Displaying Descriptive Statistics… .............................................................................. 2-1
Chapter 3: Calculating Descriptive Statistics… ............................................................................. 3-1
Chapter 4: Introduction to Probabilities… ......................................................................................4-1
TB
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions… .............................................................................5-1
Chapter 6: Continuous Probability Distributions… .......................................................................6-1
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions… ...................................................................... 7-1
Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals… .................................................................................................. 8-1
A
Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing for a Single Population… .............................................................9-1
Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests Comparing Two Populations… ................................................... 10-1
N
Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Procedures… ....................................................... 11-1
Chapter 12: Chi-Square Tests… .................................................................................................... 12-1
Chapter 13: Hypothesis Tests for the Population Variance… ..................................................... 13-1
KM
Chapter 14: Correlation and Simple Linear Regression… .......................................................... 14-1
Chapter 15: Multiple Regression and Model Building… ............................................................ 15-1
Chapter 16: Forecasting.................................................................................................................. 16-1
Chapter 17: Decision Analysis… ..................................................................................................17-1
Chapter 18: Nonparametric Statistics… ........................................................................................ 18-1
AF
IA
@
, trewa
CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to Business Statistics
1.1 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between average monthly temperatures are
meaningful, but there is no true zero point, i.e., absence of temperature.
1.2 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between average monthly rainfalls are meaningful, and
there is a true zero point, because there may be a month without any rainfalls.
TB
1.3 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank education level, but the differences between different
educational levels cannot be measured.
1.4 Qualitative/Nominal. The marital status is just a label without a meaningful difference, or
ranking.
A
1.5 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between ages of respondents are meaningful and there
is a true zero point: an age of the respondents that equals zero represents the absence of age.
N
1.6 Qualitative/Nominal. The genders are merely labels with no ranking or meaningful
difference.
KM
1.7 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between birth years are meaningful, but there is no true
zero point with calendar years.
1.8 Qualitative/ Nominal. The political affiliations are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
1.9 Qualitative/ Nominal. The races of the respondents are merely labels with no ranking or
AF
meaningful difference.
1.10 Qualitative/ Ordinal. You can rank the performance rating, but the differences between
different performance ratings cannot be measured.
1.11 Qualitative/ Nominal. The uniform numbers of each member of the school’s sport team are
IA
labels with no ranking or meaningful difference.
1.12 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between class ranks are not
meaningful.
@
, 1-2 Chapter 1
1.13 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between final exam scores for your statistics class
are meaningful, and there is a true zero point because a student who did not take the exam
would have a score of zero.
1.14 Qualitative/Nominal. The state in which the respondents in a survey reside is a label and it
is meaningless to talk about the rating of this value.
1.15 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between SAT scores for graduating high school
TB
students are meaningful, but there is no true zero point because a student with an SAT score
equal to zero does not indicate the absence of a score.
1.16 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank movie ratings, but the differences between
different ratings cannot be measured.
A
1.17 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.
1.18 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.
N
1.19 Cross-sectional
1.20 Time series
KM
1.21 Time series: Men weekly earnings over the five years.
Time series: Women weekly earnings over the five years.
1.22 Cross-sectional data: Men and women workers weekly earnings for any one particular year.
1.23 Cross-sectional: The number of 8x10, 11x14 and 13x19 prints sold over a particular year.
AF
1.24 Time series: the number of 8x10 prints sold over the four years.
Time series: the number of 11x14 prints sold over the four years.
Time series: the number of 13x19 prints sold over the four years.
1.25 Descriptive statistics, because it identifies a sample mean.
IA
1.26 Inferential statistics, because the statements about comparing the average costs of a hotel
room in two states was based on results from samples taken from two populations.
@
, trewa
An Introduction to Business Statistics 1-3
1.27 Inferential statistics, because it would not be feasible to get the credit card debt from every
graduate student in the country. These results would be based on a sample of the population
used to make an inference about the entire population.
1.28 Descriptive statistics, because we summarize reviewer scores without going into inference.
1.29 Inferential statistics, because it would not be feasible to survey every American in the
country. These results are based on a sample of the population used to make an
TB
inference on the entire population.
1.30 Descriptive statistics, because this percentage represents the proportion of a specific group
of customers arriving before 6 PM and is not making an inference about the entire
population of customers.
A N
KM
AF
IA
@
, CHAPTER 2
Displaying Descriptive Statistics
2.1
a) 27 = 128 100 therefore use 7 classes.
b) 29 = 512 300 therefore use 9 classes.
c) 210 = 1, 024 1, 000 therefore use 10 classes.
TB
d) 211 = 2, 048 2, 000 therefore use 11 classes.
2.2 26 = 64 50 therefore use 6 classes.
74 −16
Estimated Class Width = = 9.7 10
6
A
a) 16-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 56-65, 66-75
b) 16 to under 26, 26 to under 36, 36 to under 46,
46 to under 56, 56 to under 66, 66 to under 76
N
2.3
Cumulative
Frequency Relative Relative
KM
Number Frequency Frequency
1 6 0.250 0.250
2 6 0.250 0.500
3 5 0.208 0.708
4 4 0.167 0.875
5 3 0.125 1.00
Total 24 1.00
AF
2.4 25 = 32 30 therefore use 5 classes.
42.8 −13.9
Estimated Class Width = = 5.8 6
5
IA
@
2-1
trewa
MANUAL
DIRK TEMPELAAR
Masstricht University
TB
BUSINESS S TATISTICS
A
T HIRD E DITION
N
KM
Robert A. Donnelly
AF
IA
@
, Table of Contents
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Business Statistics… ...................................................................... 1-1
Chapter 2: Displaying Descriptive Statistics… .............................................................................. 2-1
Chapter 3: Calculating Descriptive Statistics… ............................................................................. 3-1
Chapter 4: Introduction to Probabilities… ......................................................................................4-1
TB
Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions… .............................................................................5-1
Chapter 6: Continuous Probability Distributions… .......................................................................6-1
Chapter 7: Sampling and Sampling Distributions… ...................................................................... 7-1
Chapter 8: Confidence Intervals… .................................................................................................. 8-1
A
Chapter 9: Hypothesis Testing for a Single Population… .............................................................9-1
Chapter 10: Hypothesis Tests Comparing Two Populations… ................................................... 10-1
N
Chapter 11: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Procedures… ....................................................... 11-1
Chapter 12: Chi-Square Tests… .................................................................................................... 12-1
Chapter 13: Hypothesis Tests for the Population Variance… ..................................................... 13-1
KM
Chapter 14: Correlation and Simple Linear Regression… .......................................................... 14-1
Chapter 15: Multiple Regression and Model Building… ............................................................ 15-1
Chapter 16: Forecasting.................................................................................................................. 16-1
Chapter 17: Decision Analysis… ..................................................................................................17-1
Chapter 18: Nonparametric Statistics… ........................................................................................ 18-1
AF
IA
@
, trewa
CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to Business Statistics
1.1 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between average monthly temperatures are
meaningful, but there is no true zero point, i.e., absence of temperature.
1.2 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between average monthly rainfalls are meaningful, and
there is a true zero point, because there may be a month without any rainfalls.
TB
1.3 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank education level, but the differences between different
educational levels cannot be measured.
1.4 Qualitative/Nominal. The marital status is just a label without a meaningful difference, or
ranking.
A
1.5 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between ages of respondents are meaningful and there
is a true zero point: an age of the respondents that equals zero represents the absence of age.
N
1.6 Qualitative/Nominal. The genders are merely labels with no ranking or meaningful
difference.
KM
1.7 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between birth years are meaningful, but there is no true
zero point with calendar years.
1.8 Qualitative/ Nominal. The political affiliations are merely labels with no ranking or
meaningful difference.
1.9 Qualitative/ Nominal. The races of the respondents are merely labels with no ranking or
AF
meaningful difference.
1.10 Qualitative/ Ordinal. You can rank the performance rating, but the differences between
different performance ratings cannot be measured.
1.11 Qualitative/ Nominal. The uniform numbers of each member of the school’s sport team are
IA
labels with no ranking or meaningful difference.
1.12 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between class ranks are not
meaningful.
@
, 1-2 Chapter 1
1.13 Quantitative/Ratio. The differences between final exam scores for your statistics class
are meaningful, and there is a true zero point because a student who did not take the exam
would have a score of zero.
1.14 Qualitative/Nominal. The state in which the respondents in a survey reside is a label and it
is meaningless to talk about the rating of this value.
1.15 Quantitative/Interval. The differences between SAT scores for graduating high school
TB
students are meaningful, but there is no true zero point because a student with an SAT score
equal to zero does not indicate the absence of a score.
1.16 Qualitative/Ordinal. You can rank movie ratings, but the differences between
different ratings cannot be measured.
A
1.17 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.
1.18 Qualitative/ordinal. The differences in the data values between ratings are not meaningful.
N
1.19 Cross-sectional
1.20 Time series
KM
1.21 Time series: Men weekly earnings over the five years.
Time series: Women weekly earnings over the five years.
1.22 Cross-sectional data: Men and women workers weekly earnings for any one particular year.
1.23 Cross-sectional: The number of 8x10, 11x14 and 13x19 prints sold over a particular year.
AF
1.24 Time series: the number of 8x10 prints sold over the four years.
Time series: the number of 11x14 prints sold over the four years.
Time series: the number of 13x19 prints sold over the four years.
1.25 Descriptive statistics, because it identifies a sample mean.
IA
1.26 Inferential statistics, because the statements about comparing the average costs of a hotel
room in two states was based on results from samples taken from two populations.
@
, trewa
An Introduction to Business Statistics 1-3
1.27 Inferential statistics, because it would not be feasible to get the credit card debt from every
graduate student in the country. These results would be based on a sample of the population
used to make an inference about the entire population.
1.28 Descriptive statistics, because we summarize reviewer scores without going into inference.
1.29 Inferential statistics, because it would not be feasible to survey every American in the
country. These results are based on a sample of the population used to make an
TB
inference on the entire population.
1.30 Descriptive statistics, because this percentage represents the proportion of a specific group
of customers arriving before 6 PM and is not making an inference about the entire
population of customers.
A N
KM
AF
IA
@
, CHAPTER 2
Displaying Descriptive Statistics
2.1
a) 27 = 128 100 therefore use 7 classes.
b) 29 = 512 300 therefore use 9 classes.
c) 210 = 1, 024 1, 000 therefore use 10 classes.
TB
d) 211 = 2, 048 2, 000 therefore use 11 classes.
2.2 26 = 64 50 therefore use 6 classes.
74 −16
Estimated Class Width = = 9.7 10
6
A
a) 16-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 56-65, 66-75
b) 16 to under 26, 26 to under 36, 36 to under 46,
46 to under 56, 56 to under 66, 66 to under 76
N
2.3
Cumulative
Frequency Relative Relative
KM
Number Frequency Frequency
1 6 0.250 0.250
2 6 0.250 0.500
3 5 0.208 0.708
4 4 0.167 0.875
5 3 0.125 1.00
Total 24 1.00
AF
2.4 25 = 32 30 therefore use 5 classes.
42.8 −13.9
Estimated Class Width = = 5.8 6
5
IA
@
2-1
