Cell Biology 2131: Chapter 1 - Introduction to Cell Biology
(Karp 8e) || with Authenticated Answers.
Why is cell biology "reductionist"? correct answers studying the parts of the whole cell can
explain the character of the whole
Most enzymes are what kind of macromolecule? correct answers protein
Biologists are very aware or interested in what kind of relationships? correct answers Structure-
function relationships
one of the first major figures in understanding the genetic code (understood it was a triplet
nucleotide sequence) correct answers Francis Crick
The discovery of cells followed from the invention of the __________ by ______________, and
its refinement by ____________, who saw the first living cell . correct answers microscope (you
can't study cells unless you can see them!)
Robert Hooke
Anton Leewenhoek
micron (u) = correct answers 1x10^-6m
a compound microscope uses two types of light sources: correct answers objective lenses (4x,
10x, 40x, etc)
eye piece/oculars (10x magnification)
total magnification of a microscope equals what? correct answers product of objective & eye
piece magnifications
Cell theory was articulated in the mid-1800s by _________ ,___________&___________.
correct answers Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
- SCHLE & SCHWAN - first two tenets of cells theory
What is the Cell Theory? correct answers 1) All organisms are composed or one or more cell.
2) The cell is the structural unit of life.
3) Cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
most basic property of cells correct answers to be a cell, or to be alive, you must have cells - cells
= life
type of cell that you can maintain more or less indefinitely correct answers cell line
you can grow them indefinitely due to the way they've been modified
Cells can grow and reproduce in vitro for extended periods, which means ... correct answers
within glass ; culture
,Cultured cells are an essential tool for cell biologists
cultured tumor cells isolated from a cancer patient (_) by _ & _ correct answers HeLa cells:
(Henrietta Lacks, had cervical cancer) by George & Marth Gey in 1951
A carcinoma, cancer cells of a epithelial origin
Cells from different species share similar _,_&_ that have been conserved throughout evolution.
correct answers structure, composition and metabolic features
The word "conserved" tends to mean that these features are the same in eukaryotes & prokaryotic
cells
Eukaryotic cells have a _, while prokaryotes (pretty much any bacteria, including E. coli) lack
them correct answers defined nucleus as well as membraneous structures called organelles
Eukaryotes are also generally much bigger (~10-1000x)
Mitochondria can't do what they need to do without the cell having all the components it needs
for _ correct answers energy metabolism
the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert
biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste
products. correct answers cellular respiration - can occur aerobically or anaerobically
muscle pain that occurs during running is caused by _ correct answers build up of lactic acid
(due to lack of oxygen built up in muscle tissue; ATP has been used up)
3 steps of cellular respiration - gives cells the means to make ATP correct answers glycolysis
Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
Cells Possess a _and the Means to Use It
Genes encode info to _ each cell & the organism & for cellular _, _ & _ correct answers genetic
program
build
reproduction, activity & structure
Cells are capable of producing what? correct answers more of themselves
Cell reproduce & each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions
Mitosis results in _ while meiosis results in _ correct answers two diploid daughter cells (2n-> 2n
+ 2n)
^genetically identical
four haploid cells (2n-> 1n + 1n + 1n + 1n)
^increases the potential for genetic diversity
In what kind of cells would we see meiosis? correct answers Germ cells (somatic cells reproduce
by mitosis)
, sperm (1n) + egg (1n) = _ correct answers zygote (2n)
Cells acquire & utilize energy:
_provides fuel for all living organisms.
Animal cells derive energy from the products of _, mainly in the form of _.
Cell can convert glucose into _—a substance with readily available energy. correct answers
Photosynthesis
photosynthesis / glucose
ATP
first law of thermodynamics correct answers Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only
its form can be changed
taking one form of energy and changing it to another form of energy correct answers energy
transformation (relates to energy flow through all living things, including metabolism)
Cells Acquire and Utilize _
Cells Carry Out a Variety of _
Cells Engage in _
Cells Are Able to Respond to _
Cells are capable of _
Cells _ correct answers energy
chemical reactions
mechanical activities
stimuli
self-regulation
evolve
cancer cells of an epithelial origin correct answers carcinoma
DNA duplication occurs with an error rate of less than _ correct answers one mistake every 10
million nucleotides incorporated - & most are quickly corrected
The epithelial cells lining the intestine are tightly connected to each other. Their _ ends, which
face the intestinal channel, have long processes (_) that facilitate absorption of nutrients correct
answers apical
microvilli
Microvilli are able to project outward from the apical cell surface because they contain an _
made of _ which are in turn composed of _ correct answers internal skeleton made of filaments
which are in turn composed of actin (protein)
Changes in genetic information (_) form the basis of biological evolution correct answers
mutations
(Karp 8e) || with Authenticated Answers.
Why is cell biology "reductionist"? correct answers studying the parts of the whole cell can
explain the character of the whole
Most enzymes are what kind of macromolecule? correct answers protein
Biologists are very aware or interested in what kind of relationships? correct answers Structure-
function relationships
one of the first major figures in understanding the genetic code (understood it was a triplet
nucleotide sequence) correct answers Francis Crick
The discovery of cells followed from the invention of the __________ by ______________, and
its refinement by ____________, who saw the first living cell . correct answers microscope (you
can't study cells unless you can see them!)
Robert Hooke
Anton Leewenhoek
micron (u) = correct answers 1x10^-6m
a compound microscope uses two types of light sources: correct answers objective lenses (4x,
10x, 40x, etc)
eye piece/oculars (10x magnification)
total magnification of a microscope equals what? correct answers product of objective & eye
piece magnifications
Cell theory was articulated in the mid-1800s by _________ ,___________&___________.
correct answers Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
- SCHLE & SCHWAN - first two tenets of cells theory
What is the Cell Theory? correct answers 1) All organisms are composed or one or more cell.
2) The cell is the structural unit of life.
3) Cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.
most basic property of cells correct answers to be a cell, or to be alive, you must have cells - cells
= life
type of cell that you can maintain more or less indefinitely correct answers cell line
you can grow them indefinitely due to the way they've been modified
Cells can grow and reproduce in vitro for extended periods, which means ... correct answers
within glass ; culture
,Cultured cells are an essential tool for cell biologists
cultured tumor cells isolated from a cancer patient (_) by _ & _ correct answers HeLa cells:
(Henrietta Lacks, had cervical cancer) by George & Marth Gey in 1951
A carcinoma, cancer cells of a epithelial origin
Cells from different species share similar _,_&_ that have been conserved throughout evolution.
correct answers structure, composition and metabolic features
The word "conserved" tends to mean that these features are the same in eukaryotes & prokaryotic
cells
Eukaryotic cells have a _, while prokaryotes (pretty much any bacteria, including E. coli) lack
them correct answers defined nucleus as well as membraneous structures called organelles
Eukaryotes are also generally much bigger (~10-1000x)
Mitochondria can't do what they need to do without the cell having all the components it needs
for _ correct answers energy metabolism
the set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert
biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste
products. correct answers cellular respiration - can occur aerobically or anaerobically
muscle pain that occurs during running is caused by _ correct answers build up of lactic acid
(due to lack of oxygen built up in muscle tissue; ATP has been used up)
3 steps of cellular respiration - gives cells the means to make ATP correct answers glycolysis
Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
Cells Possess a _and the Means to Use It
Genes encode info to _ each cell & the organism & for cellular _, _ & _ correct answers genetic
program
build
reproduction, activity & structure
Cells are capable of producing what? correct answers more of themselves
Cell reproduce & each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions
Mitosis results in _ while meiosis results in _ correct answers two diploid daughter cells (2n-> 2n
+ 2n)
^genetically identical
four haploid cells (2n-> 1n + 1n + 1n + 1n)
^increases the potential for genetic diversity
In what kind of cells would we see meiosis? correct answers Germ cells (somatic cells reproduce
by mitosis)
, sperm (1n) + egg (1n) = _ correct answers zygote (2n)
Cells acquire & utilize energy:
_provides fuel for all living organisms.
Animal cells derive energy from the products of _, mainly in the form of _.
Cell can convert glucose into _—a substance with readily available energy. correct answers
Photosynthesis
photosynthesis / glucose
ATP
first law of thermodynamics correct answers Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only
its form can be changed
taking one form of energy and changing it to another form of energy correct answers energy
transformation (relates to energy flow through all living things, including metabolism)
Cells Acquire and Utilize _
Cells Carry Out a Variety of _
Cells Engage in _
Cells Are Able to Respond to _
Cells are capable of _
Cells _ correct answers energy
chemical reactions
mechanical activities
stimuli
self-regulation
evolve
cancer cells of an epithelial origin correct answers carcinoma
DNA duplication occurs with an error rate of less than _ correct answers one mistake every 10
million nucleotides incorporated - & most are quickly corrected
The epithelial cells lining the intestine are tightly connected to each other. Their _ ends, which
face the intestinal channel, have long processes (_) that facilitate absorption of nutrients correct
answers apical
microvilli
Microvilli are able to project outward from the apical cell surface because they contain an _
made of _ which are in turn composed of _ correct answers internal skeleton made of filaments
which are in turn composed of actin (protein)
Changes in genetic information (_) form the basis of biological evolution correct answers
mutations
