PKG 221 Exam 4 questions and answers
graded A+ passed
Are most metal cans recyclable? - correct answer ✔✔ yes
Metal provides a good ________ - correct answer ✔✔ barrier
Cost of production for metals are _______ - correct answer ✔✔ very high
Metals are not _______ when considering size - correct answer ✔✔ flexible
What are the main metal materials? - correct answer ✔✔ -Steel
-Tin
-Chromium
-Aluminum
-Lead
What are two types of Steel? - correct answer ✔✔ Tinplate or TFS (ECCS)
Who developed metal packaging, when and why? - correct answer ✔✔ Nicolas Appert in 1809
because of Napoleon's offer for 12,000 francs for a method of preserving food to sustain his
army.
Who was the first to discover microbiological causes of spoilage in foods? - correct answer ✔✔
Louis Pasteur (1847-1857)
,Who first used metal cans? - correct answer ✔✔ Pierre Durand
When was the beginning of the US canning industry? - correct answer ✔✔ When William
Underwood immigrated from England to Boston in 1817
When was the first appearance of preserved food in cans? - correct answer ✔✔ Thomas
kennett from the U.K.
How were cans originally made? - correct answer ✔✔ used to solder lead
What is the "Crimping method"? - correct answer ✔✔ Called double seaming, when the two
ends are attached and then soldered. Patented in 1896 by Max Arms
What is the newer production method for metal cans? - correct answer ✔✔ Two-piece can
What made The use of Aluminum possible for metal cans? Why? - correct answer ✔✔ The two
piece can produced by "Drawing and Ironing" since the metal cannot be soldered or welded.
________ cans dominate the beverage industry - correct answer ✔✔ two piece
D&I process lower ______________ - correct answer ✔✔ cost of production
What is the "necking in" operation? - correct answer ✔✔ Reduction of the diameter of the top
of the can.
Necking is results in significant __________ - correct answer ✔✔ cost savings
, Originally production was _______cans/min. Today the production can be up to
__________cans/min - correct answer ✔✔ 10, 2500
What does"medium residual" (MR) refer to? - correct answer ✔✔ The amount of residual metal
elements other than phosphorus
What is the most common can-making steel? - correct answer ✔✔ Alloy type medium residual
Type L and LT have low ________ and are used for _________ and ________ - correct answer
✔✔ residuals, acidic foods, other corrosive products
Type D alloy has improved ________ and is used in application where __________ is required -
correct answer ✔✔ ductility, deep draw
Metal temper is designated by an arbitrary number, using... - correct answer ✔✔ Rockwell 30-T
hardness tester.
The Rockwell 30-T hardness tester measures the... - correct answer ✔✔ Penetration of a
hardened steel ball into the sheet surface at a given force.
Temper and hardness are affected by the method of what? - correct answer ✔✔ rolling and
annealing.
Steels range from _____ to ______ - correct answer ✔✔ "Dead soft" (easily folded over) to stiff
and springy
metal is work-hardened if... - correct answer ✔✔ rolled while cold, producing a much stiffer
steel
graded A+ passed
Are most metal cans recyclable? - correct answer ✔✔ yes
Metal provides a good ________ - correct answer ✔✔ barrier
Cost of production for metals are _______ - correct answer ✔✔ very high
Metals are not _______ when considering size - correct answer ✔✔ flexible
What are the main metal materials? - correct answer ✔✔ -Steel
-Tin
-Chromium
-Aluminum
-Lead
What are two types of Steel? - correct answer ✔✔ Tinplate or TFS (ECCS)
Who developed metal packaging, when and why? - correct answer ✔✔ Nicolas Appert in 1809
because of Napoleon's offer for 12,000 francs for a method of preserving food to sustain his
army.
Who was the first to discover microbiological causes of spoilage in foods? - correct answer ✔✔
Louis Pasteur (1847-1857)
,Who first used metal cans? - correct answer ✔✔ Pierre Durand
When was the beginning of the US canning industry? - correct answer ✔✔ When William
Underwood immigrated from England to Boston in 1817
When was the first appearance of preserved food in cans? - correct answer ✔✔ Thomas
kennett from the U.K.
How were cans originally made? - correct answer ✔✔ used to solder lead
What is the "Crimping method"? - correct answer ✔✔ Called double seaming, when the two
ends are attached and then soldered. Patented in 1896 by Max Arms
What is the newer production method for metal cans? - correct answer ✔✔ Two-piece can
What made The use of Aluminum possible for metal cans? Why? - correct answer ✔✔ The two
piece can produced by "Drawing and Ironing" since the metal cannot be soldered or welded.
________ cans dominate the beverage industry - correct answer ✔✔ two piece
D&I process lower ______________ - correct answer ✔✔ cost of production
What is the "necking in" operation? - correct answer ✔✔ Reduction of the diameter of the top
of the can.
Necking is results in significant __________ - correct answer ✔✔ cost savings
, Originally production was _______cans/min. Today the production can be up to
__________cans/min - correct answer ✔✔ 10, 2500
What does"medium residual" (MR) refer to? - correct answer ✔✔ The amount of residual metal
elements other than phosphorus
What is the most common can-making steel? - correct answer ✔✔ Alloy type medium residual
Type L and LT have low ________ and are used for _________ and ________ - correct answer
✔✔ residuals, acidic foods, other corrosive products
Type D alloy has improved ________ and is used in application where __________ is required -
correct answer ✔✔ ductility, deep draw
Metal temper is designated by an arbitrary number, using... - correct answer ✔✔ Rockwell 30-T
hardness tester.
The Rockwell 30-T hardness tester measures the... - correct answer ✔✔ Penetration of a
hardened steel ball into the sheet surface at a given force.
Temper and hardness are affected by the method of what? - correct answer ✔✔ rolling and
annealing.
Steels range from _____ to ______ - correct answer ✔✔ "Dead soft" (easily folded over) to stiff
and springy
metal is work-hardened if... - correct answer ✔✔ rolled while cold, producing a much stiffer
steel
