CHSO 404 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM 2025
COMPLETE WITH QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED
A+ | CHSO 404 LATEST EXAM 2 2025
What does the thalamus do? - ANSWER- relay station for info to and from the
cerebral cortex, relays sensory info to the sensory cortex, relays critical info
regarding motor activities to and from regions of the motor cortex, allows for crud
recognition of pleasant and unpleasant, and some auditory experiences
What does the hypothalamus do? - ANSWER- master gland that controls most
homeostatic processes in the body- regulates water balance, hunger-satiety, water
balance, overall metabolism, and body temperature
also controls autonomic nervous system (involuntary) and regulates pituitary
glands
What 2 things make up the brain stem? What does this part of the area control? -
ANSWER- contains pons and medulla
regulates basic and essential functions like respiratory control center,
cardiovascular control center, and vasomotor center
also controls swallowing, vomiting, micturition, salivation, pupillary diameter,
consciousness, sleep-wake cycle
What is the reticular formation or reticular activating system (RAS)? - ANSWER-
parts of the brain stem form this structure
,it extends the length of the brain stem and governs these essential functions of the
brain stem (specifically consciousness)
What does the cerebellum do? What two hemispheres does it have? Where is it
located in regards to cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres? - ANSWER- governs
skeletal muscle activity- running, typing, talking, balance, and equilibrium
contains two hemispheres- outer region of gray matter and inner region of white
matter
dorsally under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
What are the 4 things that protect the CNS? Describe each. - ANSWER- bone-
skull and vertebral column
meninges- 3 connective tissue membranes
cerebrospinal fluid- water (plasma-like) broth in ventricles that provides a watery
cushion
the blood brain barrier- separation between blood and neurons; relatively
impermeable capillaries to prevent access to brain
What are the 3 connective tissues in the meninges? - ANSWER- dura mater-
double layer membrane surrounding the brain; outer most layer- closest to skull
arachnoid mater- threadlike extensions span subarachnoid space (filled with CSF);
in between dura and pia mater
pia mater- clings tightly to the surface of brain and spinal cord; inner most layer
What are the two layers in the dura mater? - ANSWER- periosteal layer- attached
to inner skull surface
meningeal layer- outer most covering and continues as dura mater of spinal cord
,T/F: the dura mater is fused in most areas except for 3 areas due to dural sinuses
open to collect venous blood - ANSWER- true
T/F: arachnoid villa protrude through dura mater - ANSWER- true
What are the 4 ventricles that contain CSF? - ANSWER- 2 lateral ventricles,
diencephalon ventricle, and ventricle in subarachnoid space and central cord of
spinal cord
How is CSF formed? What is it composed of? - ANSWER- formed from blood by
the choroid plexus, a set of capillary clusters originating from the pia mater that are
found in each ventricle
composed of less protein, more vitamin C, and different in content than plasma
(essentially ultrafiltrate of plasma)
What is a traumatic brain injury (TBIs)? - ANSWER- varying impairments
depending on cause, severity, and brain region involved
What are cerebrovascular disease? - ANSWER- vascular injuries such as stroke
that may present with similar manifestations to TBIs
What are spinal cord injuries (SCIs)? - ANSWER- the result of injuries to cranial
nerves that often accompany TBIs
What are seizures? - ANSWER- accompany many neurological conditions,
including TBIs and cerebrovascular disease
What system determines consciousness? - ANSWER- reticular activating system
(runs through brain stem to both hemispheres)
, T/F: loss of consciousness implies diffuse brain injury - ANSWER- true
T/F: focal neurologic deficit does not usually disrupt consciousness - ANSWER-
true- focal aka local (usually one specific symptom of a central system)
What are the two neural cells and what are their functions? - ANSWER- neurons-
functional cells of the nervous system that contain the cell body, dendrites, and
axons
schwann cells- supporting cells in the PNS that produce myelin to facilitate rapid
conduction of an action potential
How do nerve cells communicate? - ANSWER- action potentials- ionic changes
that allow conduction of info along with length of the axon
synaptic transmission- process by which a neuron conveys info to another cell such
as a neuron, muscle cell, or gland
neurotransmitter- key to synaptic transmission; chemical signal released from the
presynaptic neuron that interacts with the post synaptic cell
What are the 5 parts of the cerebral hemisphere? (Cerebrum) - ANSWER- frontal
lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe limbic system
What does the frontal lobe control? - ANSWER- primary motor cortex for precise
movement of hands and feet, phonation (speech), premotor and motor association
cortex for planning of complex learned movement patterns
What does the parietal lobe do? - ANSWER- primary somatosensory cortex and
somatosensory association cortex for perceiving the meaningfulness of integrated
sensory inputs
COMPLETE WITH QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED
A+ | CHSO 404 LATEST EXAM 2 2025
What does the thalamus do? - ANSWER- relay station for info to and from the
cerebral cortex, relays sensory info to the sensory cortex, relays critical info
regarding motor activities to and from regions of the motor cortex, allows for crud
recognition of pleasant and unpleasant, and some auditory experiences
What does the hypothalamus do? - ANSWER- master gland that controls most
homeostatic processes in the body- regulates water balance, hunger-satiety, water
balance, overall metabolism, and body temperature
also controls autonomic nervous system (involuntary) and regulates pituitary
glands
What 2 things make up the brain stem? What does this part of the area control? -
ANSWER- contains pons and medulla
regulates basic and essential functions like respiratory control center,
cardiovascular control center, and vasomotor center
also controls swallowing, vomiting, micturition, salivation, pupillary diameter,
consciousness, sleep-wake cycle
What is the reticular formation or reticular activating system (RAS)? - ANSWER-
parts of the brain stem form this structure
,it extends the length of the brain stem and governs these essential functions of the
brain stem (specifically consciousness)
What does the cerebellum do? What two hemispheres does it have? Where is it
located in regards to cerebrum/cerebral hemispheres? - ANSWER- governs
skeletal muscle activity- running, typing, talking, balance, and equilibrium
contains two hemispheres- outer region of gray matter and inner region of white
matter
dorsally under the occipital lobe of the cerebrum
What are the 4 things that protect the CNS? Describe each. - ANSWER- bone-
skull and vertebral column
meninges- 3 connective tissue membranes
cerebrospinal fluid- water (plasma-like) broth in ventricles that provides a watery
cushion
the blood brain barrier- separation between blood and neurons; relatively
impermeable capillaries to prevent access to brain
What are the 3 connective tissues in the meninges? - ANSWER- dura mater-
double layer membrane surrounding the brain; outer most layer- closest to skull
arachnoid mater- threadlike extensions span subarachnoid space (filled with CSF);
in between dura and pia mater
pia mater- clings tightly to the surface of brain and spinal cord; inner most layer
What are the two layers in the dura mater? - ANSWER- periosteal layer- attached
to inner skull surface
meningeal layer- outer most covering and continues as dura mater of spinal cord
,T/F: the dura mater is fused in most areas except for 3 areas due to dural sinuses
open to collect venous blood - ANSWER- true
T/F: arachnoid villa protrude through dura mater - ANSWER- true
What are the 4 ventricles that contain CSF? - ANSWER- 2 lateral ventricles,
diencephalon ventricle, and ventricle in subarachnoid space and central cord of
spinal cord
How is CSF formed? What is it composed of? - ANSWER- formed from blood by
the choroid plexus, a set of capillary clusters originating from the pia mater that are
found in each ventricle
composed of less protein, more vitamin C, and different in content than plasma
(essentially ultrafiltrate of plasma)
What is a traumatic brain injury (TBIs)? - ANSWER- varying impairments
depending on cause, severity, and brain region involved
What are cerebrovascular disease? - ANSWER- vascular injuries such as stroke
that may present with similar manifestations to TBIs
What are spinal cord injuries (SCIs)? - ANSWER- the result of injuries to cranial
nerves that often accompany TBIs
What are seizures? - ANSWER- accompany many neurological conditions,
including TBIs and cerebrovascular disease
What system determines consciousness? - ANSWER- reticular activating system
(runs through brain stem to both hemispheres)
, T/F: loss of consciousness implies diffuse brain injury - ANSWER- true
T/F: focal neurologic deficit does not usually disrupt consciousness - ANSWER-
true- focal aka local (usually one specific symptom of a central system)
What are the two neural cells and what are their functions? - ANSWER- neurons-
functional cells of the nervous system that contain the cell body, dendrites, and
axons
schwann cells- supporting cells in the PNS that produce myelin to facilitate rapid
conduction of an action potential
How do nerve cells communicate? - ANSWER- action potentials- ionic changes
that allow conduction of info along with length of the axon
synaptic transmission- process by which a neuron conveys info to another cell such
as a neuron, muscle cell, or gland
neurotransmitter- key to synaptic transmission; chemical signal released from the
presynaptic neuron that interacts with the post synaptic cell
What are the 5 parts of the cerebral hemisphere? (Cerebrum) - ANSWER- frontal
lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe limbic system
What does the frontal lobe control? - ANSWER- primary motor cortex for precise
movement of hands and feet, phonation (speech), premotor and motor association
cortex for planning of complex learned movement patterns
What does the parietal lobe do? - ANSWER- primary somatosensory cortex and
somatosensory association cortex for perceiving the meaningfulness of integrated
sensory inputs
