John Locke - ANSWER English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social
contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed
and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights
to life, liberty and property.
Montesquieu - ANSWER French political philosopher who advocated the
separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers.
Advocated for due process
Adam Smith - ANSWER argued for property rights and minimal gov regulation in
economics.
Social Contracy Theory - ANSWER Agreement between people and government
where citizens are content to be governed as long as government protects natural
rights.
Thomas Hobbes - ANSWER english philosopher who argued society isnt natural or
immutable but created by us, instead of being passive members of society we are
creators.
Implicit contracts - ANSWER never agreed upon, but we find ourselves in.
"Rights imply obligation so when you take from the pot, you are expected to pay in"
Ex: taxes
State of Nature - ANSWER theory on how people might have lived before societies
Natural Rights - ANSWER society can not interfere with our efforts to obtain
ex: Food, shelter, clothing
Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Roussea - ANSWER Hobbes- seeks physical security as
social contract
Locke- seeks protection from harm and permitting us to pursue our own lives
Rousseau- argues for general will of society using uniformity of existence
Social Contract - ANSWER require continual renegotiation to remain relevant to
present circumstances.
Failure to negotiate can lead to dissolution of society
Declaration of Independence - ANSWER written mainly by Jefferson, expressed
ideas of locke.
-Gov serves to regulate terms of social contract in society and protect our natural
rights and serve as democratic conduit for interests
, U.S. Constitution - ANSWER turns to less democratic ideas of Montesquieu and
Rousseau
- separates legislative, executive and judicial powers, works to determine
sovereignty of states
Bill of Rights - ANSWER Constitutional amendments that protect the rights of
citizens
Articles of confederation - ANSWER first attempt at structuring the United States.
- established republic that held power and elected representatives to govern with
independent self governing states from a union
bicameral legislature - ANSWER two chambers of legislature; House of
Representatives and Senate
created so the government didnt have too much power
Power to Borrow and coin money - ANSWER federal government can establish
national banking system; also to control national fiscal power
Power to declare war - ANSWER gov can delcare war if deemed appropriate and
can appoint military officials
Power to make Treaties and Alliances with other nations - ANSWER could enter
into treaties or agreements with other nations if deemed appropriate.
Power to Regulate Trade w/ Native Americans - ANSWER negotiate and regulate
trade but, native Americans werent considered citizens of the U.S. and were treated
as foreigners.
Power to settle disputes between states - ANSWER right to settle any and all
boundary disputes that arose between the states, which were bound to happen.
Power to Raise an Army or Navy - ANSWER National government didn't have the
power for its own military so they had to request troops from the states who could
deny. This would leave a lack of defense for the country
Taxation - ANSWER national government had no power to impose or collect taxes;
they had to request it from states- they were negligent and would leave national
government underfunded.
Regulating Trade - ANSWER National gov didnt have the power to regulate trade
causing the economy to suffer; trade was regulated through the states so the
national government couldnt collect taxes.
, Virginia Plan - ANSWER "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for
proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan
favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own
plan for apportioning representation.
The Great Compromise - ANSWER Compromise made by Constitutional
Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the
legislature and representation based on population in the other house
Article 1 of the Constitution - ANSWER congress is given power to tax, maintain
navy & army, and regulate trade and commerce, coin and borrow money declare
war, establish laws.
3/5 Compromise - ANSWER 60% of slaves counted for population and taxable
property
Clause 3 Article IV - ANSWER slave owners can reclaim their runaway slaves.
checks and balances - ANSWER A system that allows each branch of government
to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Federal System - ANSWER form of government where power is divided between
states and national government
Enumerated Powers - ANSWER given explicitly to the federal government by the
constitution to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, declare war, support
armies, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs
Political Ideologies - ANSWER coherent philosophies about the structure, power,
and purpose of government
Anti federalists - ANSWER believed the constitution offered little protection for
liberty and national rights
- feared national gov and believed state legislature could protect rights
Federalists - ANSWER Wanted a new constitution made up of elites, wealthy, and
well educated land owners.
What was a compromise to win support from anti federalists? - ANSWER the bill of
rights was a compromise
Federalist No. 10 - ANSWER James Madison wrote an essay to argue diversity
was too large to allow for development of large political groups and that a
representative government would help control against detrimental factors.
contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed
and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights
to life, liberty and property.
Montesquieu - ANSWER French political philosopher who advocated the
separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers.
Advocated for due process
Adam Smith - ANSWER argued for property rights and minimal gov regulation in
economics.
Social Contracy Theory - ANSWER Agreement between people and government
where citizens are content to be governed as long as government protects natural
rights.
Thomas Hobbes - ANSWER english philosopher who argued society isnt natural or
immutable but created by us, instead of being passive members of society we are
creators.
Implicit contracts - ANSWER never agreed upon, but we find ourselves in.
"Rights imply obligation so when you take from the pot, you are expected to pay in"
Ex: taxes
State of Nature - ANSWER theory on how people might have lived before societies
Natural Rights - ANSWER society can not interfere with our efforts to obtain
ex: Food, shelter, clothing
Hobbes vs. Locke vs. Roussea - ANSWER Hobbes- seeks physical security as
social contract
Locke- seeks protection from harm and permitting us to pursue our own lives
Rousseau- argues for general will of society using uniformity of existence
Social Contract - ANSWER require continual renegotiation to remain relevant to
present circumstances.
Failure to negotiate can lead to dissolution of society
Declaration of Independence - ANSWER written mainly by Jefferson, expressed
ideas of locke.
-Gov serves to regulate terms of social contract in society and protect our natural
rights and serve as democratic conduit for interests
, U.S. Constitution - ANSWER turns to less democratic ideas of Montesquieu and
Rousseau
- separates legislative, executive and judicial powers, works to determine
sovereignty of states
Bill of Rights - ANSWER Constitutional amendments that protect the rights of
citizens
Articles of confederation - ANSWER first attempt at structuring the United States.
- established republic that held power and elected representatives to govern with
independent self governing states from a union
bicameral legislature - ANSWER two chambers of legislature; House of
Representatives and Senate
created so the government didnt have too much power
Power to Borrow and coin money - ANSWER federal government can establish
national banking system; also to control national fiscal power
Power to declare war - ANSWER gov can delcare war if deemed appropriate and
can appoint military officials
Power to make Treaties and Alliances with other nations - ANSWER could enter
into treaties or agreements with other nations if deemed appropriate.
Power to Regulate Trade w/ Native Americans - ANSWER negotiate and regulate
trade but, native Americans werent considered citizens of the U.S. and were treated
as foreigners.
Power to settle disputes between states - ANSWER right to settle any and all
boundary disputes that arose between the states, which were bound to happen.
Power to Raise an Army or Navy - ANSWER National government didn't have the
power for its own military so they had to request troops from the states who could
deny. This would leave a lack of defense for the country
Taxation - ANSWER national government had no power to impose or collect taxes;
they had to request it from states- they were negligent and would leave national
government underfunded.
Regulating Trade - ANSWER National gov didnt have the power to regulate trade
causing the economy to suffer; trade was regulated through the states so the
national government couldnt collect taxes.
, Virginia Plan - ANSWER "Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for
proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan
favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own
plan for apportioning representation.
The Great Compromise - ANSWER Compromise made by Constitutional
Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the
legislature and representation based on population in the other house
Article 1 of the Constitution - ANSWER congress is given power to tax, maintain
navy & army, and regulate trade and commerce, coin and borrow money declare
war, establish laws.
3/5 Compromise - ANSWER 60% of slaves counted for population and taxable
property
Clause 3 Article IV - ANSWER slave owners can reclaim their runaway slaves.
checks and balances - ANSWER A system that allows each branch of government
to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Federal System - ANSWER form of government where power is divided between
states and national government
Enumerated Powers - ANSWER given explicitly to the federal government by the
constitution to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, declare war, support
armies, coin money, and conduct foreign affairs
Political Ideologies - ANSWER coherent philosophies about the structure, power,
and purpose of government
Anti federalists - ANSWER believed the constitution offered little protection for
liberty and national rights
- feared national gov and believed state legislature could protect rights
Federalists - ANSWER Wanted a new constitution made up of elites, wealthy, and
well educated land owners.
What was a compromise to win support from anti federalists? - ANSWER the bill of
rights was a compromise
Federalist No. 10 - ANSWER James Madison wrote an essay to argue diversity
was too large to allow for development of large political groups and that a
representative government would help control against detrimental factors.
