Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Sue E. Huether & Kathryn L. McCance 9780323639088 Chapter 1-44 | Complete Guide A+

TESTpBANKpFORpUNDERSTANDINGpPATHOPHYSIOLOGYp7THpEDITIONpBYpHUETHER

Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
p p p


Huether: Understanding Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
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MULTIPLEpCHOICE

1. Apstudentpispobservingpapcellpunderpthepmicroscope.pItpispobserv
edptophavepsupercoiledpDNAwithphistones.pWhichpofpthepfollowi
ngpwouldpalsopbepobservedpbypthepstudent?
a. Apsinglepcircularpchromosome
b. Apnucleus
c. Free-floatingpnuclearpmaterial
d. Noporganelles
ANS:p B
Thepcellpdescribedpispapeukaryoticpcell,psopitphasphistonespandpaps
upercoiledpDNApwithinpitsnucleus;pthus,pthepnucleuspshouldpbep
observed.pApsinglepcircularpchromosomepcalledpapprokaryotepcon
tainspfree-floatingpnuclearpmaterialpbutphaspnoporganelles.

2. Apnursepispinstructingpthepstaffpaboutpcellularpfunctions.pWhichpcellularpfunctionpispthepnursepd
escribingpwhenpanpisolatedpcellpabsorbspoxygenpandpusespitptoptransformpnutrientsptopenergy?
a. Metabolicpabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:p D
Thepcell’spabilityptopabsorbpoxygenpispreferredptopasprespirationpwhilepitspcommunicationpabilitypinv
olvespmaintenancepofpapsteadNypdynamicp state,p metabolicpabsorptionpprovidespnutrition,p andpsecretio
npallowspforpthepsynthesizingpofpnewpsubstances.

3. ApeukaryoticpcellpispundergoingpDNApreplication.pInpwhichpregionpofpthepcellpwouldpmostpofpt
hepgeneticpinformationpbepcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleuspcytoplasm

ANS:p C
Thepregionpofpthepcellpthatpcontainspgeneticpmaterial,pincludingpaplargepamountpofpribonucleicpaci
d,pmostpofpthepDNA,pandpDNA-
bindingpproteins,pispthepnucleolus,pwhichpisplocatedpwithinpthepcell’spnucleus.pMitochondriapispas
sociatedpwithpcellularprespirationpwhilepribosomesparepinvolvedpwithpproteinpmanufacturing.pCy
toplasmpispapfluidpfillingpthatpispapcomponentpofpthepcell.

4. Whichpofpthepfollowingpcanpremovepproteinspattachedptopthepcell’spbilayerpbypdissolvingpthepl
ayerpitself?
a. Peripheralpmembranepproteins
b. Integralpmembranepproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellpadhesionpmolecules

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ANS:p B
Proteinspdirectlypattachedptopthepmembranepbilayerpcanpbepremovedpbypthepactionpofpintegralpme
mbranepproteinspthatpdissolvepthepbilayer.pPeripheralpmembranepproteinspresidepatpthepsurfacepw
hilepcellpadhesionpmoleculespareponpthepoutsidepofpthepmembrane.pGlycoproteinpmarkspcellspandp
doespnotp float.

5. Whichpofpthepfollowingpcanpbindptopplasmapmembranepreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicplipids
d. Ligands
ANS:p D
Ligandspareptheponlypspecificpmoleculespthatpcanpbindpwithpreceptorsponpthepcellpmembrane.

6. Apnursepispreviewingpapreportpfrompappatientpwithpmetastaticpcancer.pWhatp alternationpinpthepe
xtracellularpmatrixpwouldpsupportpthepdiagnosispofpmetastaticpcancer?
a. Decreasedpfibronectin
b. Increasedpcollagen
c. Decreasedpelastin
d. Increasedpglycoproteins
ANS:p A
Onlypapreducedpamountpofpfibronectinpispfoundpinpsomeptypespofpcancerouspcells,pallowingpthemp
toptravelporpmetastasize.

7. Whichpformpofpcellpcommunicationpispusedptoprelateptopotherpcellspinpdirectpphysicalpcontact?
a. Cellpjunction N
b. Gappjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightpjunction
ANS:p A
Cellpjunctionspholdpcellsptogetherpandppermitpmoleculesptoppasspfrompcellptopcell.pGappjunctionspallo
wpforpcellularpcommunicationpbetweenpcells.pNeitherpdesmosomespnorptightpjunctionsparepassociat
edpwithpcellularpcommunication.

8. Pancreaticpbetapcellspsecretepinsulin,pwhichpinhibitspsecretionpofpglucagonpfrompneighboringpa
lphapcells.pThispactionpispanpexamplepofpwhichpofpthep followingpsignalingptypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:p A
Paracrinepsignalingpinvolvespthepreleasepofplocalpchemicalpmediatorspthatparepquicklyptakenpup,pdest
royed,porpimmobilized,paspinpthepcasepofpinsulinpandpthepinhibitionpofpthepsecretionpofpglucagon.pNo
nepofpthepotherpoptionspinvolvepsignalingpthatpispassociatedpwithpaplocalpchemicalpmediatorplikepinsu
lin.

9. Inpcellularpmetabolism,peachpenzymephaspaphighpaffinitypforpa:
a. solute.

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b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.

ANS:p B
Eachpenzymephaspaphighpaffinitypforpapsubstrate,papspecificpsubstancepconvertedptopapproductpofpth
epreaction.pCellularpmetabolismpispnotpdependentponpanpattractionpbetweenpanpenzymepandpanypo
fpthepremainingpoptions.

10. Anpathleteprunspapmarathon,pafterpwhichphispmusclespfeelpfatiguedpandpunableptopcontract.pThepat
hletepaskspthepnursepwhypthisphappened.pThepnurse’spresponsepispbasedponpthepknowledgepthatpthep
problempispresultpofpapdeficiencypof:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.

ANS:p C
WhenpATPpispdeficient,pimpairedpmusclepcontractionpresults.pNonepofpthepotherpoptionsparepinvo
lvedp inpmusclepcontraction.

11. WhichpphasepofpcatabolismpproducespthepmostpATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricpacidpcycle

ANS:p D N
WhilepsomepATPpispproducedpduringpthepoxidationpandpglycolysispphases,p mostpofpthepATPpis
generatedpduringpthepcitricpacidpcycle.pDigestionpdoespnotpproducepanypATP.

12. Apnursepispteachingpthepstaffpaboutpthepphasespofpcellularpcatabolism.pWhichpphasespshouldpthepn
ursepinclude?
a. Digestion,pglycolysis,poxidation,pandpthepcitricpacidpcycle
b. Diffusion,posmosis,pandpmediatedptransport
c. Spphase,pGpphase,pandpMpphase
d. Metabolicpabsorption,prespiration,pandpexcretion
ANS:p A
Onlypdigestion,pglycolysis,poxidation,pandpthepcitricpacidpcycleparepthepphasespofpcellularpc
atabolism.

13. Aprunnerphaspdepletedpallpthepoxygenpavailablepforpmusclepenergy.pWhichpofpthepfollowingpwillpf
acilitatephispcontinuedpmusclepperformance?
a. Electron-transportpchain
b. Aerobicpglycolysis
c. Anaerobicpglycolysis
d. Oxidativepphosphorylation
ANS:p C

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Whenpnopoxygenpispavailable,panaerobicpglycolysispoccurs.pThepelectron-
transportpchainpisppartpofpthepcitricpacidpcycle.pAerobicpglycolysispinvolvesptheppresencepofpoxyge
n.pOxidativepphosphorylationpispthepmechanismpbypwhichpthepenergypproducedpfrompcarbohydr
ates,pfats,pandpproteinspisptransferredptopATP.p Itpispnotppartpofpmusclepperformance.

14. Apfacultypmemberpaskspapstudentptopidentifypthepappropriateptermpforpthepmovementpofpapsolutepfr
ompanpareapofpgreaterptoplesserpconcentration.pWhichpanswerpindicatespthepnursingpstudentpunde
rstoodpthepteaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticppressure
d. Activeptransport
ANS:p B
Diffusionpispthepmovementpofpapsolutepmoleculepfrompanpareapofpgreaterpsolutepconcentrationptopa
npareapofplesserpsolutepconcentrationpthroughpappermeablepmembrane.pOsmosispispthepmovement
pofpwaterpacrosspapsemipermeablepmembranepfrompapregionpofphigherpwaterpconcentrationptopone

pofplowerp concentration.p Hydrostaticppressurep ispthep forcepofpfluidpagainstpapcellpmembrane.p Inpa

ctiveptransport,pmoleculespmovepuppapconcentrationpgradient.

15. Whichpdescriptionpaccuratelypdescribespelectrolytes?
a. Smallplipid-solublepmolecules
b. Largepproteinpmolecules
c. MicronutrientspusedptopproducepATP
d. Electricallypchargedpmolecules
ANS:p D
ElectrolytesparepelectricallypchaNrgedpmolecules.pTheyparepnotplipidp soluble,ptheyparepnotpmade
uppofpprotein,pandptheypdopnotpplaypaprolepinpATPpproduction.

16. Apnursepispreadingpapchartp andpseesptheptermponcoticppressure.pThepnurseprecallspthatponcoticpp
ressurep(colloidposmoticppressure)p ispdeterminedp by:
a. thepconcentrationpofpsodium.
b. plasmapproteins.
c. hydrostaticppressure.
d. thepavailabilitypofpmembraneptransporterpproteins.
ANS:p B
Oncoticppressurepispdeterminedpbypthepeffectpofpcolloidsporpplasmapproteins.pThepconcentrationpo
fpsodiumpplayspaprolepinptonicity.pHydrostaticppressurepispthepforcepwithinpapvessel.pMembraneptra
nsporterpproteinsparepinvolvedpinpactiveptransportpwithinpapconcentrationpgradient.

17. Appatientphaspapbodypfluidpofp300pmOsm/kg.pThisplabpresultp ispmeasuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticppressure.
d. oncoticppressure.
ANS:p A