Top 500 drugs CPJE UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Acetazolamide - CORRECT ANSWER - Diamox
MOA- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
sun protection and hydration are recommended
- for Altitude sickness and motion sickness --> 125 mg BID
- CI: sulfa allergy
Sevelamer - CORRECT ANSWER - - Renvela (carbonate) or Renagel (HCl)
- CI: Bowel obstruction
- Indication: hyperphosphatemia in CKD
- non-Ca, Non-Al based phosphate binder
- lower TC and LDL by 15%-30%
- Sevelamer carbonate maintains Bicarbonate concentrations
- SE: NVD (>20%)
- 800- 1,600 mg TID w/ meals
Calcitrol (Rocaltrol)- Cap, Sol'n, Injection
Calcifediol (Rayaldee ER) - CORRECT ANSWER - - Vitamin D analogs
- increase intestinal absorption of Ca and provide a negative feedback to parathyroid gland
- CI: hypercalcemia, vitamin D toxicity
- Indication: Dialysis, Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD
- Dose for Calcitriol
------ CKD: 0.25-0.5 mcg PO daily
------Dialysis: 0.5-1 mcg PO daily of 0.5-4 mcg IV 3X weekly
Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin D3--> Rocaltrol calcitriol
,Vitamin D2--> Drisdol ergocalciferol
Cinacalcet - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensipar
Dialysis: 30-180 mg PO QD w/ food
CI: Hypocalcemia
MOA: calcimimetic --> lowers PTH, Ca, PO4
SE: hypocalcemia
Penicillin - CORRECT ANSWER - Pen VK
- take on empty stomach
- tablet, suspension
Penicillin G Benzathine - CORRECT ANSWER - Bicillin L-A
BBW: not for IV use --> can cause cardiorespiratory arrest and death
Indication: Syphillis
Amoxicillin - CORRECT ANSWER - Amoxil, Moxatag
- Tablet, Capsule, Chewable, suspension
Amoxicillin + Clavulanate - CORRECT ANSWER - Augmentin
- CI: hx of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction assosicated w/ previous use, Severe renal
Impairment CrCl <30 mL/min
- Tablet, chewable, suspension
Cephalexin - CORRECT ANSWER - Keflex (PO)
1st generation: Skin infections MSSA, strep throat
,Cefuroxime - CORRECT ANSWER - Ceftin, Zinacef ----2nd generation
Common uses: otitis media, CAP, Sinus Infection
*** in sulfa allergy in children--> Ceftin is acceptable alternative for otitis media
Cefotetan (Cefotan) and cefoxitin - CORRECT ANSWER - anaerobe coverage (B. fragilis)
****Cefotetan can cause disulfiram like reaction w/ alcohol ingestion
----- 1-2 g IV/IM Q12H
recommended antibiotics for prophylaxis before colorectal surgeries
Ceftriaxone - CORRECT ANSWER - Rocephin
3rd generation
no renal adjustment
once daily dosing
- do not use in neonates (0-28 days)
- Common uses: CAP, meningitis, SBP, Pyelonephritis
*** Cefotaxime is another 3rd generation cephalosporin
Ceftaroline - CORRECT ANSWER - Teflaro (5th gen cephalosporin)
**** The only B-lactam that is active against MRSA
Cefazolin (IV) - CORRECT ANSWER - Ancef, Kefzol
- 1st generation ceph
- surgical prophylaxis
Ertapenem - CORRECT ANSWER - Invanz
- it is dosed once daily IV/IM
, - Stable in NS only
common uses: ESBL-producing bacteria, DFI
**** No pseudomonas, acinetobacter or enterococcus
Fluoroquinolones - CORRECT ANSWER - BBW: CNS effects (Seizures hx), Tendonitis,
peripheral neuropathy
- may exacerbate muscle weakness related to myasthenia gravis
**** may use if no other alternative available for uncomplicated UTI, bacterial sinusitis, chronic
bronchitis
***Moxifloxcin --> do not use in UTI, highest risk for QT prolongation
Ciprofloxacin - CORRECT ANSWER - Cipro, Ciloxin eye drops, ciprodex ear drops
(+dexamethasone), Otovel ear drops ( + fluocinolone)
Cetraxal sol'n--- Ciprofloxacin for acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
- oil based suspension ---> should not be given through NG or other feeding tube---> crush IR
tabs, mix w/ water and give via feeding tube. hold tube feedings at least 1hr before and 2 hrs
after dose- shake vigorously for 15 seconds before use
-250-750 mg PO Q8-12 hrs
- 200-400 mg IV Q 8-12 hrs
Ofloxacin - CORRECT ANSWER - Ocuflox, Floxin Otic
IV: PO - CORRECT ANSWER - minocycline, doxycycline 1:1
moxifloxacin, levofloxacin 1:1
*** Tetracycline--> No IV
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Acetazolamide - CORRECT ANSWER - Diamox
MOA- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
sun protection and hydration are recommended
- for Altitude sickness and motion sickness --> 125 mg BID
- CI: sulfa allergy
Sevelamer - CORRECT ANSWER - - Renvela (carbonate) or Renagel (HCl)
- CI: Bowel obstruction
- Indication: hyperphosphatemia in CKD
- non-Ca, Non-Al based phosphate binder
- lower TC and LDL by 15%-30%
- Sevelamer carbonate maintains Bicarbonate concentrations
- SE: NVD (>20%)
- 800- 1,600 mg TID w/ meals
Calcitrol (Rocaltrol)- Cap, Sol'n, Injection
Calcifediol (Rayaldee ER) - CORRECT ANSWER - - Vitamin D analogs
- increase intestinal absorption of Ca and provide a negative feedback to parathyroid gland
- CI: hypercalcemia, vitamin D toxicity
- Indication: Dialysis, Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD
- Dose for Calcitriol
------ CKD: 0.25-0.5 mcg PO daily
------Dialysis: 0.5-1 mcg PO daily of 0.5-4 mcg IV 3X weekly
Vitamin D - CORRECT ANSWER - Vitamin D3--> Rocaltrol calcitriol
,Vitamin D2--> Drisdol ergocalciferol
Cinacalcet - CORRECT ANSWER - Sensipar
Dialysis: 30-180 mg PO QD w/ food
CI: Hypocalcemia
MOA: calcimimetic --> lowers PTH, Ca, PO4
SE: hypocalcemia
Penicillin - CORRECT ANSWER - Pen VK
- take on empty stomach
- tablet, suspension
Penicillin G Benzathine - CORRECT ANSWER - Bicillin L-A
BBW: not for IV use --> can cause cardiorespiratory arrest and death
Indication: Syphillis
Amoxicillin - CORRECT ANSWER - Amoxil, Moxatag
- Tablet, Capsule, Chewable, suspension
Amoxicillin + Clavulanate - CORRECT ANSWER - Augmentin
- CI: hx of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction assosicated w/ previous use, Severe renal
Impairment CrCl <30 mL/min
- Tablet, chewable, suspension
Cephalexin - CORRECT ANSWER - Keflex (PO)
1st generation: Skin infections MSSA, strep throat
,Cefuroxime - CORRECT ANSWER - Ceftin, Zinacef ----2nd generation
Common uses: otitis media, CAP, Sinus Infection
*** in sulfa allergy in children--> Ceftin is acceptable alternative for otitis media
Cefotetan (Cefotan) and cefoxitin - CORRECT ANSWER - anaerobe coverage (B. fragilis)
****Cefotetan can cause disulfiram like reaction w/ alcohol ingestion
----- 1-2 g IV/IM Q12H
recommended antibiotics for prophylaxis before colorectal surgeries
Ceftriaxone - CORRECT ANSWER - Rocephin
3rd generation
no renal adjustment
once daily dosing
- do not use in neonates (0-28 days)
- Common uses: CAP, meningitis, SBP, Pyelonephritis
*** Cefotaxime is another 3rd generation cephalosporin
Ceftaroline - CORRECT ANSWER - Teflaro (5th gen cephalosporin)
**** The only B-lactam that is active against MRSA
Cefazolin (IV) - CORRECT ANSWER - Ancef, Kefzol
- 1st generation ceph
- surgical prophylaxis
Ertapenem - CORRECT ANSWER - Invanz
- it is dosed once daily IV/IM
, - Stable in NS only
common uses: ESBL-producing bacteria, DFI
**** No pseudomonas, acinetobacter or enterococcus
Fluoroquinolones - CORRECT ANSWER - BBW: CNS effects (Seizures hx), Tendonitis,
peripheral neuropathy
- may exacerbate muscle weakness related to myasthenia gravis
**** may use if no other alternative available for uncomplicated UTI, bacterial sinusitis, chronic
bronchitis
***Moxifloxcin --> do not use in UTI, highest risk for QT prolongation
Ciprofloxacin - CORRECT ANSWER - Cipro, Ciloxin eye drops, ciprodex ear drops
(+dexamethasone), Otovel ear drops ( + fluocinolone)
Cetraxal sol'n--- Ciprofloxacin for acute otitis externa (swimmer's ear)
- oil based suspension ---> should not be given through NG or other feeding tube---> crush IR
tabs, mix w/ water and give via feeding tube. hold tube feedings at least 1hr before and 2 hrs
after dose- shake vigorously for 15 seconds before use
-250-750 mg PO Q8-12 hrs
- 200-400 mg IV Q 8-12 hrs
Ofloxacin - CORRECT ANSWER - Ocuflox, Floxin Otic
IV: PO - CORRECT ANSWER - minocycline, doxycycline 1:1
moxifloxacin, levofloxacin 1:1
*** Tetracycline--> No IV
