NUR 4766C
Adult Complex Conditions
Midterms Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
Question: A 55-year-old male presents with severe dyspnea,
orthopnea, and bilateral crackles on auscultation. Which is the
most immediate nursing intervention?
A. Administer bronchodilators
B. Place the patient in a high Fowler’s position and administer
oxygen
C. Start intravenous fluids at a rapid rate
D. Obtain an arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
ANS: B
©2025
, Rationale: Placing the patient in a high Fowler’s position and
providing oxygen improves ventilation and reduces pulmonary
congestion, a critical first-line action.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS),
____________ is the first-line medication used to dissolve clots
and restore blood flow to the myocardium.
ANS: thrombolytics
Rationale: Thrombolytics, such as alteplase, are used to break
down clots and improve myocardial perfusion in ACS when
indicated.
---
3. True/False
Question: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD),
hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance requiring
immediate intervention.
©2025
, ANS: True
Rationale: Hyperkalemia frequently occurs in CKD due to
reduced potassium excretion and can lead to life-threatening
cardiac arrhythmias.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question: A patient with chronic heart failure is being
discharged. Which educational points should the nurse
emphasize? (Select all that apply)
- A. Monitor daily weights
- B. Restrict dietary sodium intake
- C. Avoid all physical activity
- D. Adhere to prescribed medications
ANS: A, B, D
Rationale: Monitoring daily weights, reducing sodium intake,
and medication adherence are essential for heart failure
management. Physical activity should be encouraged as tolerated.
---
©2025
, 5. Multiple Choice
Question: In patients with acute pancreatitis, elevated serum
levels of which enzyme are most specific for the condition?
A. Alkaline phosphatase
B. Amylase
C. Lipase
D. Creatinine kinase
ANS: C
Rationale: Lipase is the most specific enzyme for diagnosing
acute pancreatitis due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: The primary cause of tension pneumothorax is the
accumulation of ____________ in the pleural space, causing lung
collapse and hemodynamic instability.
ANS: air
©2025
Adult Complex Conditions
Midterms Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
Question: A 55-year-old male presents with severe dyspnea,
orthopnea, and bilateral crackles on auscultation. Which is the
most immediate nursing intervention?
A. Administer bronchodilators
B. Place the patient in a high Fowler’s position and administer
oxygen
C. Start intravenous fluids at a rapid rate
D. Obtain an arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis
ANS: B
©2025
, Rationale: Placing the patient in a high Fowler’s position and
providing oxygen improves ventilation and reduces pulmonary
congestion, a critical first-line action.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: In patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS),
____________ is the first-line medication used to dissolve clots
and restore blood flow to the myocardium.
ANS: thrombolytics
Rationale: Thrombolytics, such as alteplase, are used to break
down clots and improve myocardial perfusion in ACS when
indicated.
---
3. True/False
Question: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD),
hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance requiring
immediate intervention.
©2025
, ANS: True
Rationale: Hyperkalemia frequently occurs in CKD due to
reduced potassium excretion and can lead to life-threatening
cardiac arrhythmias.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question: A patient with chronic heart failure is being
discharged. Which educational points should the nurse
emphasize? (Select all that apply)
- A. Monitor daily weights
- B. Restrict dietary sodium intake
- C. Avoid all physical activity
- D. Adhere to prescribed medications
ANS: A, B, D
Rationale: Monitoring daily weights, reducing sodium intake,
and medication adherence are essential for heart failure
management. Physical activity should be encouraged as tolerated.
---
©2025
, 5. Multiple Choice
Question: In patients with acute pancreatitis, elevated serum
levels of which enzyme are most specific for the condition?
A. Alkaline phosphatase
B. Amylase
C. Lipase
D. Creatinine kinase
ANS: C
Rationale: Lipase is the most specific enzyme for diagnosing
acute pancreatitis due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: The primary cause of tension pneumothorax is the
accumulation of ____________ in the pleural space, causing lung
collapse and hemodynamic instability.
ANS: air
©2025
