NUR 3946L
Individual Clinical Practice
Midterms Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
Question: A 45-year-old male presents with a deep vein
thrombosis (DVT). Which intervention is most critical in
preventing a pulmonary embolism?
A. Administering thrombolytics
B. Early mobilization
C. Application of elastic compression stockings
D. Initiation of anticoagulant therapy
ANS: D
©2025
, Rationale: Anticoagulant therapy is crucial for preventing clot
propagation and the risk of pulmonary embolism.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), the hallmark pathophysiological change is
irreversible airflow obstruction primarily caused by
____________.
ANS: alveolar damage
Rationale: COPD is characterized by structural changes,
including alveolar damage, resulting in reduced airflow and gas
exchange.
---
3. True/False
Question: In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin
resistance is the primary defect leading to hyperglycemia.
ANS: True
©2025
, Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by insulin
resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question: Which clinical findings are consistent with the
diagnosis of sepsis? (Select all that apply)
- A. Hypotension
- B. Leukocytosis or leukopenia
- C. Decreased serum lactate
- D. Tachycardia
ANS: A, B, D
Rationale: Sepsis often presents with hypotension, an abnormal
white blood cell count, and tachycardia. Elevated, not decreased,
lactate levels are also typical.
---
5. Multiple Choice
©2025
, Question: A nurse is caring for a patient with a new colostomy.
The priority intervention for the first 24 hours post-surgery is:
A. Encouraging a high-fiber diet
B. Providing stoma care and assessing for viability
C. Changing the colostomy bag frequently
D. Applying heat to the abdominal area
ANS: B
Rationale: Stoma viability assessment is crucial immediately
after colostomy creation to ensure proper perfusion and function.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: In acute kidney injury (AKI), ____________ is the
most reliable indicator of renal function.
ANS: serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine reflects the kidney's ability to filter
waste products and is commonly used to monitor renal function.
---
©2025
Individual Clinical Practice
Midterms Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
Question: A 45-year-old male presents with a deep vein
thrombosis (DVT). Which intervention is most critical in
preventing a pulmonary embolism?
A. Administering thrombolytics
B. Early mobilization
C. Application of elastic compression stockings
D. Initiation of anticoagulant therapy
ANS: D
©2025
, Rationale: Anticoagulant therapy is crucial for preventing clot
propagation and the risk of pulmonary embolism.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), the hallmark pathophysiological change is
irreversible airflow obstruction primarily caused by
____________.
ANS: alveolar damage
Rationale: COPD is characterized by structural changes,
including alveolar damage, resulting in reduced airflow and gas
exchange.
---
3. True/False
Question: In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin
resistance is the primary defect leading to hyperglycemia.
ANS: True
©2025
, Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by insulin
resistance and progressive beta-cell dysfunction.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question: Which clinical findings are consistent with the
diagnosis of sepsis? (Select all that apply)
- A. Hypotension
- B. Leukocytosis or leukopenia
- C. Decreased serum lactate
- D. Tachycardia
ANS: A, B, D
Rationale: Sepsis often presents with hypotension, an abnormal
white blood cell count, and tachycardia. Elevated, not decreased,
lactate levels are also typical.
---
5. Multiple Choice
©2025
, Question: A nurse is caring for a patient with a new colostomy.
The priority intervention for the first 24 hours post-surgery is:
A. Encouraging a high-fiber diet
B. Providing stoma care and assessing for viability
C. Changing the colostomy bag frequently
D. Applying heat to the abdominal area
ANS: B
Rationale: Stoma viability assessment is crucial immediately
after colostomy creation to ensure proper perfusion and function.
---
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question: In acute kidney injury (AKI), ____________ is the
most reliable indicator of renal function.
ANS: serum creatinine
Rationale: Serum creatinine reflects the kidney's ability to filter
waste products and is commonly used to monitor renal function.
---
©2025
