1|Page
SCIE 326 UNIT 1-8 FOR MIDTERM FINAL EXAM 2025|
BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS|
GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR GRADES.
Why is it important to study science? - (answers)1. unlimited freedom of inquiry
2. important to know science is not static, and it evolves
3. important to study science and scientific pov for even if no one else plans to
engage
Reason why religion and science is on opposing sides - (answers)religious groups
oppose all research on methods for the control of human fertility, religious groups
challenge the freedom of inquiry
General definition of science - (answers)way to generate relative knowledge, and
an accurate way of gaining this knowledge. Need to have inductive attitude,
based on human activity
Describe Roentgen's discovery of x rays - (answers)was holding a small lead disk
between phosphar tube and cathoder ray tube, noticed the shadows of his hand
Kekule's discovery of Benzene - (answers)- issue was the benzene does not accept
any new H molecules
- had chain of carbons close in on themselves to make room for bonding
- visual approach to benzene
,2|Page
discovery of energy bands in solids - (answers)used quantam mechanics to solve
the problem, used the fact ions in a metal are arranged in an orderly periodic
fashion
biogeographical studies - (answers)humbolt journeyed to south america and
mexico
realized that there was differences between geographical location and vegetation
developed theory of biogeography: physical conditions of an area influence the
features of an ecosystem
Discovery of smallpox vaccine - (answers)Jenner used inoculated cowpox virus
collected from pustules. If you had cowpox you wouldn't get small pox, but only if
a pustules is at its strongest.
four characteristics of a good question - (answers)1. it has depth
2. it is tantalizing (hold out possibility for answer)
3. it is suggestive (almost tells how to find it)
4. it is fruitful
what is the link between the sense of wonder and science? - (answers)the desire
to understand (to wonder) and the desire for truth (science)
Three criteria for valid answer in science - (answers)1. no ans can involve a logical
contradiction
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2. every ans must be consistent with theories or provide a good reason for
changing theories
3. no ans can be violated an established empirical fact without explanations
Describe the stages in the development of a scientific idea, or an entire field of
science: roland's four stage model- ecdv - (answers)1. exploratory stage: initial
stage, observing the facts, performing experiments, getting data
2. conceptual stage: developing and selection of concepts that will help the
principal you're looking for
3. developmental stage: examining all the possible sequences of the principals
4. verification stage: each prediction is systematically subjected to the test of
experience
five questions that can be answered in science - (answers)1. will this experiment
interfere with the natural behaviour of the system?
2. are the systems able to detect the expected results?
3. is the available equipment capable of detecting results
4. is the initial state of the system studied properly
5. will the experimental procedure destroy or disable the system being studied
Two major pieces of evidence that led snow to the discovery of cholera -
(answers)1. Pump handle removed and disease went down in the area.
2. Those in the area drinking other water were fine.
, 4|Page
Main question that snow asked in his research for cholera and how we figured it
out - (answers)How does cholera spread? A: Took on the hypothesis of other
physicians and answered this by comparing the groups from the water pump
Why did not everybody get sick who came into contact with a cholera patient?
Discovered washing hands was a factor
bottom-up approach - (answers)begin with the most basic components of the
system and fit together to make the system
top down approach - (answers)it is assumed that a system must satisfy certain
constraints, either on the basis of general laws of nature, or in order to maintain
its integrity as a system. i.e.. human psyiology
difficulty with bottom up - (answers)unclear how systematic properties emerge
from the interaction of system components
what are the ideals of natural order - (answers)phenomena and events that are in
accordance with ideals require no explanation, how we expect the world to
behave
describe the characteristics of "pseudoscience," "crackpot science" and "cargo
cult science." - (answers)pseudoscience: beliefs mistakenly based on the scientific
method. Five characteristics
crackpot science: claim of discovery that violates all scientific discovery
cargocult science: type of nonsense science where the forms of scientific practice
are imitated with little understanding of their actual nature
SCIE 326 UNIT 1-8 FOR MIDTERM FINAL EXAM 2025|
BRAND NEW ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT SOLUTIONS|
GUARANTEED VALUE PACK| ACE YOUR GRADES.
Why is it important to study science? - (answers)1. unlimited freedom of inquiry
2. important to know science is not static, and it evolves
3. important to study science and scientific pov for even if no one else plans to
engage
Reason why religion and science is on opposing sides - (answers)religious groups
oppose all research on methods for the control of human fertility, religious groups
challenge the freedom of inquiry
General definition of science - (answers)way to generate relative knowledge, and
an accurate way of gaining this knowledge. Need to have inductive attitude,
based on human activity
Describe Roentgen's discovery of x rays - (answers)was holding a small lead disk
between phosphar tube and cathoder ray tube, noticed the shadows of his hand
Kekule's discovery of Benzene - (answers)- issue was the benzene does not accept
any new H molecules
- had chain of carbons close in on themselves to make room for bonding
- visual approach to benzene
,2|Page
discovery of energy bands in solids - (answers)used quantam mechanics to solve
the problem, used the fact ions in a metal are arranged in an orderly periodic
fashion
biogeographical studies - (answers)humbolt journeyed to south america and
mexico
realized that there was differences between geographical location and vegetation
developed theory of biogeography: physical conditions of an area influence the
features of an ecosystem
Discovery of smallpox vaccine - (answers)Jenner used inoculated cowpox virus
collected from pustules. If you had cowpox you wouldn't get small pox, but only if
a pustules is at its strongest.
four characteristics of a good question - (answers)1. it has depth
2. it is tantalizing (hold out possibility for answer)
3. it is suggestive (almost tells how to find it)
4. it is fruitful
what is the link between the sense of wonder and science? - (answers)the desire
to understand (to wonder) and the desire for truth (science)
Three criteria for valid answer in science - (answers)1. no ans can involve a logical
contradiction
,3|Page
2. every ans must be consistent with theories or provide a good reason for
changing theories
3. no ans can be violated an established empirical fact without explanations
Describe the stages in the development of a scientific idea, or an entire field of
science: roland's four stage model- ecdv - (answers)1. exploratory stage: initial
stage, observing the facts, performing experiments, getting data
2. conceptual stage: developing and selection of concepts that will help the
principal you're looking for
3. developmental stage: examining all the possible sequences of the principals
4. verification stage: each prediction is systematically subjected to the test of
experience
five questions that can be answered in science - (answers)1. will this experiment
interfere with the natural behaviour of the system?
2. are the systems able to detect the expected results?
3. is the available equipment capable of detecting results
4. is the initial state of the system studied properly
5. will the experimental procedure destroy or disable the system being studied
Two major pieces of evidence that led snow to the discovery of cholera -
(answers)1. Pump handle removed and disease went down in the area.
2. Those in the area drinking other water were fine.
, 4|Page
Main question that snow asked in his research for cholera and how we figured it
out - (answers)How does cholera spread? A: Took on the hypothesis of other
physicians and answered this by comparing the groups from the water pump
Why did not everybody get sick who came into contact with a cholera patient?
Discovered washing hands was a factor
bottom-up approach - (answers)begin with the most basic components of the
system and fit together to make the system
top down approach - (answers)it is assumed that a system must satisfy certain
constraints, either on the basis of general laws of nature, or in order to maintain
its integrity as a system. i.e.. human psyiology
difficulty with bottom up - (answers)unclear how systematic properties emerge
from the interaction of system components
what are the ideals of natural order - (answers)phenomena and events that are in
accordance with ideals require no explanation, how we expect the world to
behave
describe the characteristics of "pseudoscience," "crackpot science" and "cargo
cult science." - (answers)pseudoscience: beliefs mistakenly based on the scientific
method. Five characteristics
crackpot science: claim of discovery that violates all scientific discovery
cargocult science: type of nonsense science where the forms of scientific practice
are imitated with little understanding of their actual nature
