Medsurg practice quiz
, 1. The nurse is assessing a client admitted from the emergency room with
gastrointestinal bleeding related to peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which physiological
factors can produce ulceration? (Select all that apply.)
A) Vagal stimulation.
B) An increased level of stress.
C) Decreased duodenal inhibition.
D) Hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid.
E) An increased number of parietal cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Correct selections
are (A, C, D, and E). Hypersecretion of gastric juices (D) and an increased number of
parietal cells (E) that stimulate secretion are most often the causes of ulceration. Vagal
stimulation (A) and decreased duodenal inhibition (C) also increase the secretion of
caustic fluids. An increased stress level is not physiologic and is not a direct cause of
ulceration (B).
2. The healthcare provider prescribes high-protein, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with
limited fluids during meals for a client recovering from gastric surgery. The client asks
the nurse what the purpose is for this type of diet. Which rationale should be included in
the nurse's explanation to this client?
A) It is quickly digested.
B) It does not cause diarrhea.
C) It does not dilate the stomach.
D) It is slow to leave the stomach. - CORRECT ANSWERS-This type of diet is slowly
digested and is slow to leave the stomach (D). Because of its density from proteins and
fats, and the reduction of fluids with the meal, the possibility of dumping syndrome is
reduced. (A, B, and C) are incorrect rationales.
3. Which preexisting diagnosis places a client at greatest risk of developing superior
vena cava syndrome?
A) Carotid stenosis.
B) Steatosis hepatitis.
C) Metastatic cancer.
D) Clavicular fracture. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Superior vena cava syndrome occurs
when the superior vena cava (SVC) is compressed by outside structures, such as a
growing tumor that impedes the return blood flow to the heart. Superior vena cava
syndrome is likely to occur with metastatic cancer (C) from a primary tumor in the upper
lobe of the right lung that compresses the superior vena cava. (A, B, and D) do not
result in SVC syndrome.
5. A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnosed with hydronephrosis and left
hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a
residual urine volume of 1650 ml. This finding supports which pathophysiological cause
of the client's urinary tract obstruction?
A) Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
Feedback: CORRECT
, 1. The nurse is assessing a client admitted from the emergency room with
gastrointestinal bleeding related to peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Which physiological
factors can produce ulceration? (Select all that apply.)
A) Vagal stimulation.
B) An increased level of stress.
C) Decreased duodenal inhibition.
D) Hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid.
E) An increased number of parietal cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Correct selections
are (A, C, D, and E). Hypersecretion of gastric juices (D) and an increased number of
parietal cells (E) that stimulate secretion are most often the causes of ulceration. Vagal
stimulation (A) and decreased duodenal inhibition (C) also increase the secretion of
caustic fluids. An increased stress level is not physiologic and is not a direct cause of
ulceration (B).
2. The healthcare provider prescribes high-protein, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet with
limited fluids during meals for a client recovering from gastric surgery. The client asks
the nurse what the purpose is for this type of diet. Which rationale should be included in
the nurse's explanation to this client?
A) It is quickly digested.
B) It does not cause diarrhea.
C) It does not dilate the stomach.
D) It is slow to leave the stomach. - CORRECT ANSWERS-This type of diet is slowly
digested and is slow to leave the stomach (D). Because of its density from proteins and
fats, and the reduction of fluids with the meal, the possibility of dumping syndrome is
reduced. (A, B, and C) are incorrect rationales.
3. Which preexisting diagnosis places a client at greatest risk of developing superior
vena cava syndrome?
A) Carotid stenosis.
B) Steatosis hepatitis.
C) Metastatic cancer.
D) Clavicular fracture. - CORRECT ANSWERS-Superior vena cava syndrome occurs
when the superior vena cava (SVC) is compressed by outside structures, such as a
growing tumor that impedes the return blood flow to the heart. Superior vena cava
syndrome is likely to occur with metastatic cancer (C) from a primary tumor in the upper
lobe of the right lung that compresses the superior vena cava. (A, B, and D) do not
result in SVC syndrome.
5. A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnosed with hydronephrosis and left
hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a
residual urine volume of 1650 ml. This finding supports which pathophysiological cause
of the client's urinary tract obstruction?
A) Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
Feedback: CORRECT
