TRACE ELEMENT AND TOXIC ELEMENT EXAM AND QUESTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+
how many elements listed in the periodic table are found in the human body? - answer-about half of the
elements
what are essential trace elements often associated with? - answer-enzymes (metalloenzyme) or another
protein (metalloprotein) as a cofactor
what happens if there are deficiencies in a trace element? - answer-impair one or more biochemical
functions
what happens if there is an excess in a trace element? - answer-some degree of toxicity
how is aluminum (Al) absorbed into the body? - answer--oral (7-9 mg/day)
-inhalation
-parenteral
-NOT dermal
where is aluminum (Al) found? - answer--antacids
-buffered aspirin
-food additives
-cosmetics
-antiperspirant
where is aluminum (Al) found in plasma? - answer-in plasma, bound to carrier proteins (like albumin) to
every organ of the body
what are examples of ions that are +1 charge? - answer--lithium (Li)
-sodium (Na)
-potassium (K)
,what are examples of ions that are +2 charge? - answer--beryllium (Be)
-magnesium (Mg)
-calcium (Ca)
what are examples of ions that are +3 charge? - answer--boron (B)
-aluminum (Al)
-gallium (Ga)
what are examples of ions that does not form ions? - answer--carbon (C)
-silicon (Si)
-germanium (Ge)
-helium (He)
-neon (Ne)
-argon (Ar)
-krypton (Kr)
what are examples of ions that are -3 charge? - answer--nitrogen (N)
-phosphorous (P)
-arsenic (As)
what are examples of ions that are -2 charge? - answer--oxygen (O)
-sulfur (S)
-selenium (Se)
what are examples of ions that are -1 charge? - answer--fluorine (F)
-chlorine (Cl)
-bromine (Br)
where are the highest concentrations of aluminum (Al) found? - answer--bone (50%)
, -lung tissues (25%)
where is aluminum (Al) found when excreted? - answer--urine (95%)
-bile (2%)
in what group of people does aluminum toxicity occur? - answer--ppl with renal insufficiency
-dialysis treatment (Al containing solutions)
what are clinical manifestations of aluminum (Al)? - answer--microcytic anemia
-bone disease/fractures
-CNS: encephalopathy (seizure/coma)
-CV: decreased myocardial function
how is arsenic (As) absorbed into the body? - answer--oral (ingestion of arsenic containing foods = 25-50
ug/day) (water/beverages)
-inhalation of contaminated air
where is arsenic (As) found? - answer--wood preservative
-pesticides
-rat poison
-others --> apple seeds, cherries, rice (?)
what areas can be affected by acute toxicity of arsenic (As)? - answer--GI
-BM
-cardiovascular
-CNS
-renal
-hepatic
how many elements listed in the periodic table are found in the human body? - answer-about half of the
elements
what are essential trace elements often associated with? - answer-enzymes (metalloenzyme) or another
protein (metalloprotein) as a cofactor
what happens if there are deficiencies in a trace element? - answer-impair one or more biochemical
functions
what happens if there is an excess in a trace element? - answer-some degree of toxicity
how is aluminum (Al) absorbed into the body? - answer--oral (7-9 mg/day)
-inhalation
-parenteral
-NOT dermal
where is aluminum (Al) found? - answer--antacids
-buffered aspirin
-food additives
-cosmetics
-antiperspirant
where is aluminum (Al) found in plasma? - answer-in plasma, bound to carrier proteins (like albumin) to
every organ of the body
what are examples of ions that are +1 charge? - answer--lithium (Li)
-sodium (Na)
-potassium (K)
,what are examples of ions that are +2 charge? - answer--beryllium (Be)
-magnesium (Mg)
-calcium (Ca)
what are examples of ions that are +3 charge? - answer--boron (B)
-aluminum (Al)
-gallium (Ga)
what are examples of ions that does not form ions? - answer--carbon (C)
-silicon (Si)
-germanium (Ge)
-helium (He)
-neon (Ne)
-argon (Ar)
-krypton (Kr)
what are examples of ions that are -3 charge? - answer--nitrogen (N)
-phosphorous (P)
-arsenic (As)
what are examples of ions that are -2 charge? - answer--oxygen (O)
-sulfur (S)
-selenium (Se)
what are examples of ions that are -1 charge? - answer--fluorine (F)
-chlorine (Cl)
-bromine (Br)
where are the highest concentrations of aluminum (Al) found? - answer--bone (50%)
, -lung tissues (25%)
where is aluminum (Al) found when excreted? - answer--urine (95%)
-bile (2%)
in what group of people does aluminum toxicity occur? - answer--ppl with renal insufficiency
-dialysis treatment (Al containing solutions)
what are clinical manifestations of aluminum (Al)? - answer--microcytic anemia
-bone disease/fractures
-CNS: encephalopathy (seizure/coma)
-CV: decreased myocardial function
how is arsenic (As) absorbed into the body? - answer--oral (ingestion of arsenic containing foods = 25-50
ug/day) (water/beverages)
-inhalation of contaminated air
where is arsenic (As) found? - answer--wood preservative
-pesticides
-rat poison
-others --> apple seeds, cherries, rice (?)
what areas can be affected by acute toxicity of arsenic (As)? - answer--GI
-BM
-cardiovascular
-CNS
-renal
-hepatic
