lOMoARcPSD|53476226
12,Hi
Anyone ready for supp
I will see you guys in december. X11
What’d you guys find hardest? Endocrine SAQ but that may just be me. Other than that,
muscle fatigue MCQ was pretty mean
BIOM2012 Questions
Credit: Vishaark Gangasandra and co. 2022
]
2021
Which one of these statements about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system is CORRECT? [1.5 marks]
A Postganglionic terminals always release acetylcholine
B Preganglionic neurons may have their cell bodies in spinal cord segments S2 through
S4
C Ganglia are located relatively close to the central nervous system (+8)
D Ganglionic neurons have their cell bodies within or adjacent to the target organs
E Preganglionic neurons may have their cell bodies in the brain stem
2 Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regards to neurotransmission in the
autonomic nervous system? [1.5 marks]
A post-ganglionic cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic
receptors (+6)
B pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic
receptors
C post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic neurons release adrnaline which acts on
nicotinic receptors
D pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on
muscarinic receptors
E post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on
nicotinic receptors
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, lOMoARcPSD|53476226
3 Mild stress is a healthy and necessary part of life, because small amounts of
noradrenaline are released. Which of the following statements about noradrenaline
during mild stress is INCORRECT? Noradrenaline [1.5 marks]
A encourages creative thinking
B stimulates the brain to grow new connections
C creates new memories
D improves mood
E increases long-term depression and shortens long-term potentiation (+6)
4 Which of the following statements about the effects of chronic stress on the brain is
INCORRECT? [1.5 marks] Prolonged stress (Relevant? - yes in the second ANS lecture
slide 8)
A damages the structure of neurons within the amygdala +2
B makes the hippocampus behave like an amygdala (+3)
C enhances implicit fear conditioning by amygdaloid plasticity
D reduces the inhibitory effect of hippocampus neurons on the hypothalamus
E impairs hippocampal-dependent explicit learning and plasticity - +1
5 In the cardiovascular system, the most pressure is lost in the [1.5 marks]
A venules due to their resistance
B veins due to their compliance
C arteries due to their diameter
D arterioles due to their resistance (+7)
E capillaries due to their fenestrations
6 Which of the following does NOT directly influence Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
[1.5 marks]
A the lymphatic system (+11)
B total peripheral resistance
C strenuous exercise (+2) increases HR which increases CO
D cardiac output
E arterial compliance
Downloaded by Mid Doh ()
, lOMoARcPSD|53476226
7 The large pressure difference between systemic and pulmonary mean arterial
pressure is because: [1.5 marks]
A sympathetic stimulation of the left ventricle is more pronounced than the right ventricle
B the contractile force produced by the left ventricle is much greater than that produced
by the right ventricle
C pulmonary arteries are more compliant than systemic arteries (+8)
D resistance in the pulmonary circuit is higher than in the systemic circuit
E oxygenated blood leaving the left ventricle is responsible for the higher pressure in
the systemic circulation
8 Which of the these factors has the most significant effect on after-load and therefore
stroke volume? [1.5 marks]
A blood volume
B circulating catecholamines
C arterial compliance +7
D intra-thoracic pressure
E compliance of the pericardium
9 Which of the following has a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium? [1.5 marks]
A angiotensin II (+4)
B fever
C histamine
D reduced ventricular compliance
E loss of functional myocardial tissue
10 Which of the following is NOT a component of the regulatory control of the
cardiovascular system? [1.5 marks]
A Central cardioinhibitory centre that decreases cardiac output via the parasympathetic
nervous system
B Positive feedback from baroreceptors that provide sensory input about blood pressure
(+5)
C Central vasomotor centre that controls vascular tone
D Chemoreceptors that provide sensory input about blood gases
E Cardiac stimulatory sympathetic nervous system neurons that cause venoconstriction
of veins
Downloaded by Mid Doh ()
, lOMoARcPSD|53476226
11 The cerebral reflex (central ischaemic response) is an important reflex to maintain
blood pressure in a haemorrhage. Which of the following correctly describes activation
of this reflex? [1.5 marks]
A it occurs because peripheral chemoreceptors detect a decrease in PO2 in systemic
arterial blood less than 60 mmHg
B it always occurs when there is a haemorrhage
C it occurs when mean arterial blood pressure is about 80 mmHg
D it occurs when blood flow in the medulla oblongata is deficient (+7)
E it occurs before local auto-regulatory mechanisms are activated to control cerebral
blood flow
12 Hypertension involves pathophysiological changes in the regulation of blood
pressure. Which of the following is NOT associated with hypertension? [1.5 marks]
A an upward shift to the left of the Frank-Starling curve (+4)
B baroreceptor adaptation to higher pressures
C endothelial cell dysfunction due to increased sheer stress
D aneurysm and internal bleeding
E left ventricular hypertrophy
13 If a patient had a progressive lung disease that required an ever-increasing pressure
to fill the same volume of lung, the compliance of the lungs [1.5 marks]
A would stay the same
B are independent of these variables
C would decrease (+7)
D would increase
E could not be measured
14 In respiratory physiology the Haldane effect describes [1.5 marks]
A the influence of PO2 on the O2 binding to haemoglobin
B the anion exchange of bicarbonate ions and chloride ions in erythrocytes
C the buffering capacity of the erythrocyte
D the influence of PO2 upon the release of CO2 in the pulmonary capillaries (+8)
E the effect of PCO2 on the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
15 Respiratory alkalosis is associated with [1.5 marks]
A a decrease in blood pH
B increased carbonic acid concentration in plasma
Downloaded by Mid Doh ()
12,Hi
Anyone ready for supp
I will see you guys in december. X11
What’d you guys find hardest? Endocrine SAQ but that may just be me. Other than that,
muscle fatigue MCQ was pretty mean
BIOM2012 Questions
Credit: Vishaark Gangasandra and co. 2022
]
2021
Which one of these statements about the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system is CORRECT? [1.5 marks]
A Postganglionic terminals always release acetylcholine
B Preganglionic neurons may have their cell bodies in spinal cord segments S2 through
S4
C Ganglia are located relatively close to the central nervous system (+8)
D Ganglionic neurons have their cell bodies within or adjacent to the target organs
E Preganglionic neurons may have their cell bodies in the brain stem
2 Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regards to neurotransmission in the
autonomic nervous system? [1.5 marks]
A post-ganglionic cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic
receptors (+6)
B pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on muscarinic
receptors
C post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic neurons release adrnaline which acts on
nicotinic receptors
D pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on
muscarinic receptors
E post-ganglionic sympathetic adrenergic neurons release acetylcholine which acts on
nicotinic receptors
Downloaded by Mid Doh ()
, lOMoARcPSD|53476226
3 Mild stress is a healthy and necessary part of life, because small amounts of
noradrenaline are released. Which of the following statements about noradrenaline
during mild stress is INCORRECT? Noradrenaline [1.5 marks]
A encourages creative thinking
B stimulates the brain to grow new connections
C creates new memories
D improves mood
E increases long-term depression and shortens long-term potentiation (+6)
4 Which of the following statements about the effects of chronic stress on the brain is
INCORRECT? [1.5 marks] Prolonged stress (Relevant? - yes in the second ANS lecture
slide 8)
A damages the structure of neurons within the amygdala +2
B makes the hippocampus behave like an amygdala (+3)
C enhances implicit fear conditioning by amygdaloid plasticity
D reduces the inhibitory effect of hippocampus neurons on the hypothalamus
E impairs hippocampal-dependent explicit learning and plasticity - +1
5 In the cardiovascular system, the most pressure is lost in the [1.5 marks]
A venules due to their resistance
B veins due to their compliance
C arteries due to their diameter
D arterioles due to their resistance (+7)
E capillaries due to their fenestrations
6 Which of the following does NOT directly influence Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)?
[1.5 marks]
A the lymphatic system (+11)
B total peripheral resistance
C strenuous exercise (+2) increases HR which increases CO
D cardiac output
E arterial compliance
Downloaded by Mid Doh ()
, lOMoARcPSD|53476226
7 The large pressure difference between systemic and pulmonary mean arterial
pressure is because: [1.5 marks]
A sympathetic stimulation of the left ventricle is more pronounced than the right ventricle
B the contractile force produced by the left ventricle is much greater than that produced
by the right ventricle
C pulmonary arteries are more compliant than systemic arteries (+8)
D resistance in the pulmonary circuit is higher than in the systemic circuit
E oxygenated blood leaving the left ventricle is responsible for the higher pressure in
the systemic circulation
8 Which of the these factors has the most significant effect on after-load and therefore
stroke volume? [1.5 marks]
A blood volume
B circulating catecholamines
C arterial compliance +7
D intra-thoracic pressure
E compliance of the pericardium
9 Which of the following has a positive inotropic effect on the myocardium? [1.5 marks]
A angiotensin II (+4)
B fever
C histamine
D reduced ventricular compliance
E loss of functional myocardial tissue
10 Which of the following is NOT a component of the regulatory control of the
cardiovascular system? [1.5 marks]
A Central cardioinhibitory centre that decreases cardiac output via the parasympathetic
nervous system
B Positive feedback from baroreceptors that provide sensory input about blood pressure
(+5)
C Central vasomotor centre that controls vascular tone
D Chemoreceptors that provide sensory input about blood gases
E Cardiac stimulatory sympathetic nervous system neurons that cause venoconstriction
of veins
Downloaded by Mid Doh ()
, lOMoARcPSD|53476226
11 The cerebral reflex (central ischaemic response) is an important reflex to maintain
blood pressure in a haemorrhage. Which of the following correctly describes activation
of this reflex? [1.5 marks]
A it occurs because peripheral chemoreceptors detect a decrease in PO2 in systemic
arterial blood less than 60 mmHg
B it always occurs when there is a haemorrhage
C it occurs when mean arterial blood pressure is about 80 mmHg
D it occurs when blood flow in the medulla oblongata is deficient (+7)
E it occurs before local auto-regulatory mechanisms are activated to control cerebral
blood flow
12 Hypertension involves pathophysiological changes in the regulation of blood
pressure. Which of the following is NOT associated with hypertension? [1.5 marks]
A an upward shift to the left of the Frank-Starling curve (+4)
B baroreceptor adaptation to higher pressures
C endothelial cell dysfunction due to increased sheer stress
D aneurysm and internal bleeding
E left ventricular hypertrophy
13 If a patient had a progressive lung disease that required an ever-increasing pressure
to fill the same volume of lung, the compliance of the lungs [1.5 marks]
A would stay the same
B are independent of these variables
C would decrease (+7)
D would increase
E could not be measured
14 In respiratory physiology the Haldane effect describes [1.5 marks]
A the influence of PO2 on the O2 binding to haemoglobin
B the anion exchange of bicarbonate ions and chloride ions in erythrocytes
C the buffering capacity of the erythrocyte
D the influence of PO2 upon the release of CO2 in the pulmonary capillaries (+8)
E the effect of PCO2 on the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen
15 Respiratory alkalosis is associated with [1.5 marks]
A a decrease in blood pH
B increased carbonic acid concentration in plasma
Downloaded by Mid Doh ()
