WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Types of Interventions: Advance, Immediate, Delayed - ✔✔Advance: means taking
action before an inappropriate action is committed.(showing up at the scene)
Immediate: Verbally or physically (stepping in/ or restraining)
Delayed: Discussion/ Referral/ Reporting.
✔✔Ethical decision making and leadership - ✔✔Peace officers who practice the
competencies of ethical leadership with the requisite skills of problem-solving, will be
better equipped to arrive at appropriate solutions in decision making.
✔✔Stereotype - ✔✔is a preconceived or over-simplified generalization involving
negative or positive beliefs about another group.
✔✔Prejudice - ✔✔is a prejudgment or point of view about a person or group of
individuals that is usually formed before the facts are known.
✔✔Benefits of recognizing and respecting diversity - ✔✔Understanding cultural
influences of individuals can help peace officers recognize and influence patterns of
behavior and build more effective relationships within the community and within law
enforcement itself.
✔✔Constitution - ✔✔is a written document that embodies the basic laws of nation or
state. "The Rule of Law!"
✔✔Frame work of government
* three branches of government - ✔✔The branches of government include:
* executive branch
* legislative branch
* judicial branch
✔✔Bill of Rights - ✔✔The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
✔✔Law enforcement and basic rights
Six amendments have direct impact on peace officers' actions and conduct. - ✔✔First
amendment: Basic Rights and Freedom
* speech, religion, * press, etc.
Fourth amendment: Freedom from unreasonable search seizures.
Fifth amendment: Double Jeopardy, freedom from self- incrimination.
Six amendment: A speedy trial, confront their accuser, have legal counsel.
Eighth amendment: Freedom from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments.
Fourteenth amendment: Due process, right to equal protection of the laws.
,✔✔Criminal Justice System - ✔✔is made up of three components:
1. Law Enforcement
2. Judicial
3. Correction
- each component must function together with the other as a "total system."
✔✔There are seven primary goals in the criminal justice system. - ✔✔1. Guarantee Due
Process
2. Prevent Crime
3. Protect Life and Property (most important goal)
4. Uphold and enforce the Law
5. dispense Equal Justice
6. Apprehend Offenders
7. assure Victim's Right
✔✔Agencies with law enforcement responsibilities in California. (Federal, State, and
Local) - ✔✔Federal: FBI, Secret Service, Drug Enforcement Administration.
State: CA Highway Patrol, Department of Fish & Game, and DMV.
Local: Sheriff's Offices, Airport Police, and School District Police.
✔✔California Court System is based upon the
federal system. - ✔✔It is comprised of one State Supreme Court,
lower trial courts (receives evidence and consider cases involving criminal activity or
civil disputes)
Higher appellate court (hear appeals from lower courts)
✔✔Positions and Responsibilities in the criminal justice system. ( Judges, Prosecuting
Attorneys, and Defense Attorneys) - ✔✔1. Judges: Administering justice in a fair and
impartial manner by applying the facts of the law.
2. Prosecuting Attorneys: Prosecuting individuals accused of criminal activities,
Protecting public rights and privileges.
3. Defense Attorneys: Defending the accused, Defending the rights and privileges of
citizens.
✔✔Arrest - ✔✔Taking a person into custody in a case, and in the manner authorized by
the law.
✔✔Active Listening - ✔✔The listener's deliberate and conscious concentration on what
is being said.
✔✔Amendments - ✔✔Modifications or changes made for the better as amendments to
the U.S Constitution.
✔✔Appeals - ✔✔Requests to a higher court to review or revise decisions made by
lower court.
, ✔✔Arraignment - ✔✔Legal procedure where the court informs defendants of the nature
of the charges against them and of their constitutional rights to have counsel, to plead
guilty or not guilty, and to have a jury trial.
✔✔Authority - ✔✔A peace officers right to influence others that is granted by law.
✔✔Bail - ✔✔A security deposited with a competent court or magistrate to ensure that
the accused person will appear for trial when summoned.
✔✔Communication - ✔✔The sending and receiving of messages, both verbal and
nonverbal, between two or more people.
✔✔Discrimination - ✔✔An action or behavior that is prompt or based on prejudiced
thought. Includes differential treatment based on an unsubstantiated or unfair
categorization.
✔✔Double Jeopardy - ✔✔Protection against a second prosecution after acquittal or
conviction.
✔✔Power - ✔✔Capacity to influence and inspire others.
✔✔Principles - ✔✔Ethical standards that people rely on for guidance in decision
making.
✔✔Indictment - ✔✔An accusation in writing formally charging a person with a crime or
public offense.
✔✔Due Process - ✔✔A course of legal proceeding according to the rules and principles
which have established by the government; basic rights of a defendant in judicial
proceeding and requisites for a fair trial.
✔✔Emergency - ✔✔Any condition which results in, or could result in, the response of a
public official in an authorized emergency vehicle (e.g., patrol vehicle, ambulance, fire
equipment, etc.), or any condition that jeopardizes public safety and results or could
results in evacuation (Penal Code Section 148.3(3) )
✔✔Ethics - ✔✔The accepted principles of conduct governing decisions and actions
based on professional values and expectations.
✔✔Executive Officer - ✔✔Any people charged with responsibility of enforcing the law.
This includes peace officers, district attorneys, city attorneys, and police commissioners.