AADC FINAL EXAM GUIDE 2025 WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|GUARANTEED PASS
CAGE - • The briefest and most widely used.
• Only four questions asked directly to the person.
• If someone answers yes to one of the questions then there is an indicator that their might be
a problem that needs to be further investigated.
• If they answer yes to two or more they are sent for further testing.
• Advantages-yes or no questions
• Disadvantages-not asking about time frame, self report, not in depth about environment, not
in depth
MAST - • Widely used
• Good reliability and validity
• Original had 25 self administered questions the one now has only 22.
• Advantages-it could be a reality check to someone taking it, not very time consuming, simple
yes and no
• Disadvantage-it doesn't ask you to explain, doesn't ask time frame
AUDIT - • Ten items 1-3 frequency and quantity 4-6 alcohol dependence 7-10 how
harmful alcohol use.
• Advantages-you can use it in an interview, it's not that long, it's more specific
• Disadvantage-not specific enough, doesn't add in the times when drinking is more acceptable
like vacation etc., not valid
• Can be self report questionnaire or an interview
DAST - Screen drugs other than alcohol
POSIT - 139 items on it
,Used for substance use problems and social, behavioral, and learning problems
Disadvantages-too long, repetitious, lack of consistency
Advantages-more detailed
SASSI - • Doesn't directly question about alcohol/drug use (not like the previous ones)
• Around 50 questions
• Asks questions about alcohol/drug use on one side and don't on the other
• Looking for defensiveness, looking at others, personal affect
• Disadvantages-could be hard to profile
DSM Axises - o Axis I-Clinical syndromes
• Alcohol abuse, cannabis dependency
o Axis II-Personality disorders/mental retardation
• Not used very often in alcohol or chemical use
o Axis III-Medical Conditions
• Psuerosis of the liver
o Axis IV-Psychosocial/environmental stressors
• Losing kids because of substance abuse, lacks good social support system
o Axis V-Global assessment of functioning
• 0-100 how the person is functioning overall
Narcotics possible effects - Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted
pupils, nausea
Narcotics effects of OD - Slow/shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, and
possible death
Narcotics withdrawal syndrome - Water eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite,
irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills, sweating.
Narcotics - Heroin, Morphine, Hydrocodone, Hydro-morphone, Oxycodone, Codeine
Depressants - Hydroxybutyric Acid, gamma, Benzodiazepines etc.
,Depressant effects - slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of
alc., imparired membory of events, interacts with alc.
Depressant overdose - shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid
pulse, coma, and possible death.
Depressant withdrawal - Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible
death.
Stimulants - Cocaine half life=one hour, Amphetamine=6-12 hours, Methylphenidate=2
hours
Stimulant effects - Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate,
increased blood pressure, insomnia, and loss of appetite, dialated pupils.
Stimulant OD - Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, and
possible death
Stimulant withdrawal - Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression (possible
with suicidal potential), and disorientation, increased appetite, anhedonia (absence of pleasure)
and craving.
Hallucinogens - MDMA and Analogs, LSD, Phencyclidine,
Hallucinogen signs and symptoms - Increased reflexes, tremors, weakness, flushing and
chills, seizures, inappropriate mood, elation, hallucinations, bizarre behafvior, diorientation,
confusion, delusions, and impaired judgement.
Hallucinogen OD - Increased body temp, electorlyte imbalance, cardiac arrest, unable to
direct movement, feel pain, or remember.
Hallucinogen withdrawal - Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne, and drug seeking
behavior.
Cannabis effects - Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetitie, disorientation,
Cannabis problems - impairment of ability to learn. Medical effects wth prolonged use
include respiratory problems, possible impaired immune function and possible reproductive
problems includinglow birth weight infants.
Cannabis withdrawal - Rare. Appear limited to some heavy users. Possible irritability,
restlessness, craving, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, muscle twitching, overt aggression and
depression.
, Anabolic Steroids effects - Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gyneco-mastia, acne
aggressive behavior
Anabolic Steroids withdrawal - Possible depression
Inhalants effects - flushing, hypotension, headache, cardiac depressants leading to
"sudden sniffing death.
Inhalants signs and symptoms - possible asphyxiation and frostbite of nose, lips, or larynx
if inhaled from a tank, loss of motor control, nausea, ataxia, muscle weakness, dysarthia,
nystagmus, diminished reflexes.
Inhalants withdrawal - Agitation -pyschological but no known physical symptoms
Alcohol common problems - Tolorance, Dependence, Depression, neurologic deficits,
hypertension, liver and heart disease.
Alcohol OD - Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible death.
Alcohol Withdrawal - Trembling, autonomic hyperactivity, Anxiety, insomnia, vitamin
deficiency, confusion, hallucination, and convulsions.
Alcohol acute effects - low doses: eupohoria, mild stimulation, relaxation, and lowered
inhibitions. high doses: drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, emotional volatility, loss of
coordination, visual dostortions, impaired memory, sexual dysfunctions, loss of
consciousness/increased risk or injuries, violence, fetal damage.
Sedative Hypnotics desired effects - Similar to alcohol. Reduction of anxity; possible
elation, secondary to decrease alertness and judgment.
Sedative Hypnotics acute effects - Sedation, impaired judgement, impaired operation of
vehicles, respiratory and cardiac depression with overdose (much less likely with
benzoidiazepines alone).
Sedative Hypnotics interaction with alcohol - Potentiation of effects, especially
respiratory depression, Some degree of cross tolorance.
Sedative Hypnotics common problems - Tolerance, dependence, addiction, elderly falls,
respiratory dpression
Sedative Hypnotics withdrawal - Similar to alcoho, but may have slower onset. Severity
and time of onset vary wtih half life of drug. Mild: anxiety, restlessness, nausea, vomiting,
insomnia, hpertention, tachycardia, agitation, tremors, sensory, hypersensitivity, dizziness,
VERIFIED ANSWERS|GUARANTEED PASS
CAGE - • The briefest and most widely used.
• Only four questions asked directly to the person.
• If someone answers yes to one of the questions then there is an indicator that their might be
a problem that needs to be further investigated.
• If they answer yes to two or more they are sent for further testing.
• Advantages-yes or no questions
• Disadvantages-not asking about time frame, self report, not in depth about environment, not
in depth
MAST - • Widely used
• Good reliability and validity
• Original had 25 self administered questions the one now has only 22.
• Advantages-it could be a reality check to someone taking it, not very time consuming, simple
yes and no
• Disadvantage-it doesn't ask you to explain, doesn't ask time frame
AUDIT - • Ten items 1-3 frequency and quantity 4-6 alcohol dependence 7-10 how
harmful alcohol use.
• Advantages-you can use it in an interview, it's not that long, it's more specific
• Disadvantage-not specific enough, doesn't add in the times when drinking is more acceptable
like vacation etc., not valid
• Can be self report questionnaire or an interview
DAST - Screen drugs other than alcohol
POSIT - 139 items on it
,Used for substance use problems and social, behavioral, and learning problems
Disadvantages-too long, repetitious, lack of consistency
Advantages-more detailed
SASSI - • Doesn't directly question about alcohol/drug use (not like the previous ones)
• Around 50 questions
• Asks questions about alcohol/drug use on one side and don't on the other
• Looking for defensiveness, looking at others, personal affect
• Disadvantages-could be hard to profile
DSM Axises - o Axis I-Clinical syndromes
• Alcohol abuse, cannabis dependency
o Axis II-Personality disorders/mental retardation
• Not used very often in alcohol or chemical use
o Axis III-Medical Conditions
• Psuerosis of the liver
o Axis IV-Psychosocial/environmental stressors
• Losing kids because of substance abuse, lacks good social support system
o Axis V-Global assessment of functioning
• 0-100 how the person is functioning overall
Narcotics possible effects - Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted
pupils, nausea
Narcotics effects of OD - Slow/shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, and
possible death
Narcotics withdrawal syndrome - Water eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite,
irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills, sweating.
Narcotics - Heroin, Morphine, Hydrocodone, Hydro-morphone, Oxycodone, Codeine
Depressants - Hydroxybutyric Acid, gamma, Benzodiazepines etc.
,Depressant effects - slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of
alc., imparired membory of events, interacts with alc.
Depressant overdose - shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid
pulse, coma, and possible death.
Depressant withdrawal - Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible
death.
Stimulants - Cocaine half life=one hour, Amphetamine=6-12 hours, Methylphenidate=2
hours
Stimulant effects - Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate,
increased blood pressure, insomnia, and loss of appetite, dialated pupils.
Stimulant OD - Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, and
possible death
Stimulant withdrawal - Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression (possible
with suicidal potential), and disorientation, increased appetite, anhedonia (absence of pleasure)
and craving.
Hallucinogens - MDMA and Analogs, LSD, Phencyclidine,
Hallucinogen signs and symptoms - Increased reflexes, tremors, weakness, flushing and
chills, seizures, inappropriate mood, elation, hallucinations, bizarre behafvior, diorientation,
confusion, delusions, and impaired judgement.
Hallucinogen OD - Increased body temp, electorlyte imbalance, cardiac arrest, unable to
direct movement, feel pain, or remember.
Hallucinogen withdrawal - Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne, and drug seeking
behavior.
Cannabis effects - Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetitie, disorientation,
Cannabis problems - impairment of ability to learn. Medical effects wth prolonged use
include respiratory problems, possible impaired immune function and possible reproductive
problems includinglow birth weight infants.
Cannabis withdrawal - Rare. Appear limited to some heavy users. Possible irritability,
restlessness, craving, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, muscle twitching, overt aggression and
depression.
, Anabolic Steroids effects - Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gyneco-mastia, acne
aggressive behavior
Anabolic Steroids withdrawal - Possible depression
Inhalants effects - flushing, hypotension, headache, cardiac depressants leading to
"sudden sniffing death.
Inhalants signs and symptoms - possible asphyxiation and frostbite of nose, lips, or larynx
if inhaled from a tank, loss of motor control, nausea, ataxia, muscle weakness, dysarthia,
nystagmus, diminished reflexes.
Inhalants withdrawal - Agitation -pyschological but no known physical symptoms
Alcohol common problems - Tolorance, Dependence, Depression, neurologic deficits,
hypertension, liver and heart disease.
Alcohol OD - Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible death.
Alcohol Withdrawal - Trembling, autonomic hyperactivity, Anxiety, insomnia, vitamin
deficiency, confusion, hallucination, and convulsions.
Alcohol acute effects - low doses: eupohoria, mild stimulation, relaxation, and lowered
inhibitions. high doses: drowsiness, slurred speech, nausea, emotional volatility, loss of
coordination, visual dostortions, impaired memory, sexual dysfunctions, loss of
consciousness/increased risk or injuries, violence, fetal damage.
Sedative Hypnotics desired effects - Similar to alcohol. Reduction of anxity; possible
elation, secondary to decrease alertness and judgment.
Sedative Hypnotics acute effects - Sedation, impaired judgement, impaired operation of
vehicles, respiratory and cardiac depression with overdose (much less likely with
benzoidiazepines alone).
Sedative Hypnotics interaction with alcohol - Potentiation of effects, especially
respiratory depression, Some degree of cross tolorance.
Sedative Hypnotics common problems - Tolerance, dependence, addiction, elderly falls,
respiratory dpression
Sedative Hypnotics withdrawal - Similar to alcoho, but may have slower onset. Severity
and time of onset vary wtih half life of drug. Mild: anxiety, restlessness, nausea, vomiting,
insomnia, hpertention, tachycardia, agitation, tremors, sensory, hypersensitivity, dizziness,
