TEST BANK
Physical Agents: Theory and Practice
Barbara J. Behrens, and Holly Beinert
3rd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents 1
Chapter 02 Tissue Response to Injury 6
Chapter 03 Patient Response to Therapeutic Interventions 17
Chapter 04 Therapeutic Heat and Cold 29
Chapter 05 Therapeutic Ultrasound and Phonophoresis 44
Chapter 06 Aquatics and Hydrotherapy 59
Chapter 07 Soft Tissue Treatment Techniques: Traction 70
Chapter 08 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Compression and Edema Management 80
Chapter 09 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Massage 90
Chapter 10 Electromagnetic Radiation: Laser, Ultraviolet, and Diathermy 98
Chapter 11 Foundations for Electrical Stimulation 103
Chapter 12 Electrodes and Lead Wires: Materials and Care 121
Chapter 13 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation 133
Chapter 14 Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair 145
Chapter 15 Pain Management with Electrical Stimulation 154
Chapter 16 Interferential Current Therapy in Clinical Practice 167
Chapter 17 Integration of Physical Agents: Clinical Decision-Making 175
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Chapter 1: Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of the following is NOT an essential component in the implementation of evidence-based
practice?
A. Current research
B. Clinical experience
C. Patient goals
D. Notes from school from 10 years ago
____ 2. Which of the following organizations includes the use of evidence-based practice in its “Vision
2020”?
A. Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)
B. American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)
C. Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)
D. Medicare
____ 3. After reading a patient’s evaluation, you determine that exercises to strengthen the vastus medialis
muscle would be beneficial. You ask yourself, “What exercises would promote maximum firing of
vastus medialis muscle fibers?” This is an example of which of the following steps of
evidence-based practice?
A. Ask
B. Acquire
C. Appraise
D. Apply
____ 4. When evaluating the design of a research study, we can utilize the hierarchy of evidence. With
which of the following factors does the hierarchy rank research designs?
A. Publication date
B. Length of study
C. Bias
D. Number of subjects
____ 5. Which of the following best defines the term “control group”?
A. The group that controls the entire study
B. The group receiving the intervention
C. The group not receiving the intervention
D. The group that reviews the study outcome
____ 6. Which of the following research designs contains a control group?
A. Experimental
B. Quasi-experimental
C. Non-experimental
D. Case study
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
____ 7. While reading an advertisement in the paper, you notice that the local hospital is looking for
participants in a research study. They are looking for people who have knee pain. The
advertisement states that if the person has had knee surgery of any type within the past six months
that they will not be considered for participation. Which of the following is considered the
inclusion criteria for this study?
A. Knee pain
B. Knee pain and knee surgery
C. Knee surgery
D. Absence of knee pain and absence of knee surgery
____ 8. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of subjects to the
strength of the research study?
A. There is no relationship.
B. The higher the number of subjects, the stronger the study.
C. The lower the number of subjects, the stronger the study.
D. Studies that have subjects also have the least strength.
____ 9. Which of the following best describes a “peer-reviewed journal”?
A. A journal that your co-worker was able to read first
B. A journal in which the articles have been evaluated for credibility and relevance by
experts after publication
C. A journal in which the articles have been evaluated for credibility and relevance by
experts prior to publication
D. A journal in which you plan to share your thoughts with the editor
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Chapter 1: Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: D
Feedback
A Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate best research evidence.
B Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate clinical experience.
C Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate patient goals and values.
D Correct. Evidence-based practice does not rely on class notes that are a decade
old.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
2. ANS: B
Feedback
A Incorrect. CAPTE has positions related to the use of evidence-based practice in
PT education, but it does not have a “Vision 2020.”
B Correct. The APTA has a “Vision 2020,” which refers to the use of
evidence-based practice for practicing clinicians.
C Incorrect. The FSBPT does not have a “Vision 2020.”
D Incorrect. Medicare does not have a “Vision 2020.”
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
3. ANS: A
Feedback
A Correct. Asking an answerable, clinical question is the first step in
evidence-based practice.
B Incorrect. Acquiring the best available evidence would include gathering
research.
C Incorrect. Appraising the evidence would include analyzing the strengths and
weaknesses of the evidence that was acquired.
D Incorrect. Applying the evidence would include choosing and implementing an
exercise to fire the vastus medialis in clinical practice for this patient.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
4. ANS: C
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Feedback
A Incorrect. Publication date does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence.
B Incorrect. Length of study does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence.
C Correct. The hierarchy of evidence ranks research designs based on their ability
to minimize bias.
D Incorrect. Number of subjects does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence. It
does affect the strength of the study, but it doesn’t change the hierarchy.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
5. ANS: C
Feedback
A Incorrect. This answer defines the researchers.
B Incorrect. This answer defines the experimental group.
C Correct. This answer is the definition of the control group.
D Incorrect. This answer defines the experts who evaluate studies for credibility
and relevance prior to publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
6. ANS: A
Feedback
A Correct. Experimental designs contain a control group and an experimental
group, allowing the researchers to manipulate variables.
B Incorrect. Because groups in quasi-experimental designs are not randomly
assigned, many factors are not controlled. Therefore, no control group exists in
quasi-experimental design.
C Incorrect. Non-experimental studies are those in which researchers observe and
collect data without controlling any factors involved.
D Incorrect. A case study is a report on a very small number of patients without a
control group.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
7. ANS: A
Feedback
A Correct. Knee pain is the characteristic the subjects must possess in order to be
included in the study.
B Incorrect. Knee surgery is the exclusion criteria.
C Incorrect. Knee surgery is the exclusion criteria.
D Incorrect. Absence of knee pain would be considered exclusion criteria.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
8. ANS: B
Feedback
A Incorrect. There is a relationship between the strength of a study and the number
of subjects included.
B Correct. A higher number of subjects included in a study makes the statistics
more mathematically meaningful.
C Incorrect. A lower number of subjects included in a study makes the statistics
less mathematically meaningful.
D Incorrect. Studies must have subjects.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
9. ANS: C
Feedback
A Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”
B Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.” The experts
evaluate the research prior to publication.
C Correct. This is the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”
D Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Chapter 2: Tissue Response to Injury
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. What is the most common symptom for which an individual seeks medical attention?
A. Trauma to soft tissues
B. Obesity
C. Pain
D. Depression
____ 2. Pain has sensory and psychological components that can complicate its accurate quantification.
Which of the following percentage relationships most accurately demonstrates the composition of
sensory and psychological components of pain?
A. 50% sensory and 50% psychological
B. 80% sensory and 20% psychological
C. 20% sensory and 80% psychological
D. There is no accurate relationship between the sensory and psychological
components.
____ 3. Which of the following criteria is inconsistent with chronic pain?
A. The cause is well defined.
B. Medical treatments have been ineffective.
C. The painful symptoms have persisted for more than 3 months.
D. The cause is not correctable or is uncertain.
____ 4. Which of the following terms best describes the phenomenon experienced by the patient when
painful symptoms are perceived in areas remote from the site of the original tissue damage?
A. Acute pain
B. Chronic pain
C. Referred pain
D. Phantom pain
____ 5. Prior to an individual being aware of pain, the painful input to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
must travel to the brain. Which of the following scenarios is most accurate in describing the path
to the brain?
A. The axons of most of the transmission cells cross over and ascend via the
spinothalamic tract.
B. The axons of most of the transmission cells ascend ipsilaterally via the
spinothalamic tract.
C. The axons of most of the transmission cells cross over and descend via the lateral
spinothalamic tract.
D. The axons of all of the transmission cells descend over the spinothalamic tract to
the brain.
____ 6. Which of the following stimuli could result in the liberation of endogenous opiates?
A. Short duration, low intensity exercise
B. Sleeping
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
Physical Agents: Theory and Practice
Barbara J. Behrens, and Holly Beinert
3rd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents 1
Chapter 02 Tissue Response to Injury 6
Chapter 03 Patient Response to Therapeutic Interventions 17
Chapter 04 Therapeutic Heat and Cold 29
Chapter 05 Therapeutic Ultrasound and Phonophoresis 44
Chapter 06 Aquatics and Hydrotherapy 59
Chapter 07 Soft Tissue Treatment Techniques: Traction 70
Chapter 08 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Compression and Edema Management 80
Chapter 09 Soft Tissue Management Techniques: Massage 90
Chapter 10 Electromagnetic Radiation: Laser, Ultraviolet, and Diathermy 98
Chapter 11 Foundations for Electrical Stimulation 103
Chapter 12 Electrodes and Lead Wires: Materials and Care 121
Chapter 13 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation 133
Chapter 14 Electrical Stimulation for Tissue Repair 145
Chapter 15 Pain Management with Electrical Stimulation 154
Chapter 16 Interferential Current Therapy in Clinical Practice 167
Chapter 17 Integration of Physical Agents: Clinical Decision-Making 175
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Chapter 1: Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of the following is NOT an essential component in the implementation of evidence-based
practice?
A. Current research
B. Clinical experience
C. Patient goals
D. Notes from school from 10 years ago
____ 2. Which of the following organizations includes the use of evidence-based practice in its “Vision
2020”?
A. Commission on Accreditation of Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)
B. American Physical Therapy Association (APTA)
C. Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy (FSBPT)
D. Medicare
____ 3. After reading a patient’s evaluation, you determine that exercises to strengthen the vastus medialis
muscle would be beneficial. You ask yourself, “What exercises would promote maximum firing of
vastus medialis muscle fibers?” This is an example of which of the following steps of
evidence-based practice?
A. Ask
B. Acquire
C. Appraise
D. Apply
____ 4. When evaluating the design of a research study, we can utilize the hierarchy of evidence. With
which of the following factors does the hierarchy rank research designs?
A. Publication date
B. Length of study
C. Bias
D. Number of subjects
____ 5. Which of the following best defines the term “control group”?
A. The group that controls the entire study
B. The group receiving the intervention
C. The group not receiving the intervention
D. The group that reviews the study outcome
____ 6. Which of the following research designs contains a control group?
A. Experimental
B. Quasi-experimental
C. Non-experimental
D. Case study
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
____ 7. While reading an advertisement in the paper, you notice that the local hospital is looking for
participants in a research study. They are looking for people who have knee pain. The
advertisement states that if the person has had knee surgery of any type within the past six months
that they will not be considered for participation. Which of the following is considered the
inclusion criteria for this study?
A. Knee pain
B. Knee pain and knee surgery
C. Knee surgery
D. Absence of knee pain and absence of knee surgery
____ 8. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the number of subjects to the
strength of the research study?
A. There is no relationship.
B. The higher the number of subjects, the stronger the study.
C. The lower the number of subjects, the stronger the study.
D. Studies that have subjects also have the least strength.
____ 9. Which of the following best describes a “peer-reviewed journal”?
A. A journal that your co-worker was able to read first
B. A journal in which the articles have been evaluated for credibility and relevance by
experts after publication
C. A journal in which the articles have been evaluated for credibility and relevance by
experts prior to publication
D. A journal in which you plan to share your thoughts with the editor
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Chapter 1: Evidence-Based Practice with Physical Agents
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: D
Feedback
A Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate best research evidence.
B Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate clinical experience.
C Incorrect. Evidence-based practice does integrate patient goals and values.
D Correct. Evidence-based practice does not rely on class notes that are a decade
old.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
2. ANS: B
Feedback
A Incorrect. CAPTE has positions related to the use of evidence-based practice in
PT education, but it does not have a “Vision 2020.”
B Correct. The APTA has a “Vision 2020,” which refers to the use of
evidence-based practice for practicing clinicians.
C Incorrect. The FSBPT does not have a “Vision 2020.”
D Incorrect. Medicare does not have a “Vision 2020.”
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
3. ANS: A
Feedback
A Correct. Asking an answerable, clinical question is the first step in
evidence-based practice.
B Incorrect. Acquiring the best available evidence would include gathering
research.
C Incorrect. Appraising the evidence would include analyzing the strengths and
weaknesses of the evidence that was acquired.
D Incorrect. Applying the evidence would include choosing and implementing an
exercise to fire the vastus medialis in clinical practice for this patient.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
4. ANS: C
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Feedback
A Incorrect. Publication date does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence.
B Incorrect. Length of study does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence.
C Correct. The hierarchy of evidence ranks research designs based on their ability
to minimize bias.
D Incorrect. Number of subjects does not factor into the hierarchy of evidence. It
does affect the strength of the study, but it doesn’t change the hierarchy.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
5. ANS: C
Feedback
A Incorrect. This answer defines the researchers.
B Incorrect. This answer defines the experimental group.
C Correct. This answer is the definition of the control group.
D Incorrect. This answer defines the experts who evaluate studies for credibility
and relevance prior to publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
6. ANS: A
Feedback
A Correct. Experimental designs contain a control group and an experimental
group, allowing the researchers to manipulate variables.
B Incorrect. Because groups in quasi-experimental designs are not randomly
assigned, many factors are not controlled. Therefore, no control group exists in
quasi-experimental design.
C Incorrect. Non-experimental studies are those in which researchers observe and
collect data without controlling any factors involved.
D Incorrect. A case study is a report on a very small number of patients without a
control group.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
7. ANS: A
Feedback
A Correct. Knee pain is the characteristic the subjects must possess in order to be
included in the study.
B Incorrect. Knee surgery is the exclusion criteria.
C Incorrect. Knee surgery is the exclusion criteria.
D Incorrect. Absence of knee pain would be considered exclusion criteria.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
8. ANS: B
Feedback
A Incorrect. There is a relationship between the strength of a study and the number
of subjects included.
B Correct. A higher number of subjects included in a study makes the statistics
more mathematically meaningful.
C Incorrect. A lower number of subjects included in a study makes the statistics
less mathematically meaningful.
D Incorrect. Studies must have subjects.
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
9. ANS: C
Feedback
A Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”
B Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.” The experts
evaluate the research prior to publication.
C Correct. This is the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”
D Incorrect. This is not the definition of a “peer-reviewed journal.”
PTS: 1 KEY: evidence-based practice
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Physical Agents: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition (Behrens, 2015)
Chapter 2: Tissue Response to Injury
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. What is the most common symptom for which an individual seeks medical attention?
A. Trauma to soft tissues
B. Obesity
C. Pain
D. Depression
____ 2. Pain has sensory and psychological components that can complicate its accurate quantification.
Which of the following percentage relationships most accurately demonstrates the composition of
sensory and psychological components of pain?
A. 50% sensory and 50% psychological
B. 80% sensory and 20% psychological
C. 20% sensory and 80% psychological
D. There is no accurate relationship between the sensory and psychological
components.
____ 3. Which of the following criteria is inconsistent with chronic pain?
A. The cause is well defined.
B. Medical treatments have been ineffective.
C. The painful symptoms have persisted for more than 3 months.
D. The cause is not correctable or is uncertain.
____ 4. Which of the following terms best describes the phenomenon experienced by the patient when
painful symptoms are perceived in areas remote from the site of the original tissue damage?
A. Acute pain
B. Chronic pain
C. Referred pain
D. Phantom pain
____ 5. Prior to an individual being aware of pain, the painful input to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
must travel to the brain. Which of the following scenarios is most accurate in describing the path
to the brain?
A. The axons of most of the transmission cells cross over and ascend via the
spinothalamic tract.
B. The axons of most of the transmission cells ascend ipsilaterally via the
spinothalamic tract.
C. The axons of most of the transmission cells cross over and descend via the lateral
spinothalamic tract.
D. The axons of all of the transmission cells descend over the spinothalamic tract to
the brain.
____ 6. Which of the following stimuli could result in the liberation of endogenous opiates?
A. Short duration, low intensity exercise
B. Sleeping
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
