BCHM 4360 Exam 3
Terms in this set (185)
1. Contribution to regulation of gene activity
What are the three main 2. Diversity - many different RNAs can be produced
benefits to RNA from one gene via alternative splicing
processing? 3. Quality control
Many of the RNA protein, RNA, RNPs
processing complexes
contain both _______ and ___
components. Give an
example.
An E. coli precursor encodes 3, several
__ rRNAs and
__ tRNAs.
The S. cerevisiae precursor 3
encodes __ rRNAs.
Why is encoding several ensures that similar amounts of each RNA are made
RNAs in one precursor
beneficial?
True or False: Exonucleases False, go both ways
operate strictly in the 3' to
5' direction during RNA
processing.
Give two examples of RNase III and RNase P
endonucleases.
5' trimming of tRNAs is done RNase P
by which endonuclease?
True or False: Both the False: Only bacterial can cut alone
bacterial and eukaryotic
RNA component of
RNase P can cut RNA
alone
,True or False: Some True
rRNA introns can
catalyze their own
removal and are
subsequently called
self-splicing.
What is the CCA sequence? It is the attachment site on the tRNA for the amino acid
What are the two most 1. ribose 2'-O-methylation
common rRNA 2. pseudouridylation
modifications?
True or False: Post- False: Modifications can be small, like methylation, but
transcriptional chemical can also be large, like the addition of a threonine
modifications are limited to
small additions such as
methylation
What are snoRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs typically made from introns of
what is their general precursor mRNAs and they are typically used as
purpose? guide RNAs
Describe how The snoRNA base-pairs with specific regions of target
snoRNAs catalyze RNAs and directs enzymes to these positions
methylation of
nucleotides
snoRNAs that direct ribose box C/D, H/ACA
methylation are
____snoRNAs. snoRNAs that
direct
pseudouridylation are
_________________snoRNAs.
What is the primary protection of mRNAs from nuclease degradation and
purpose of the end assisting with protein interactions
modifications of eukaryotic
RNAs following
transcription?
What are the 5' ends of 7-methylguanine nucleotide via a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage
mRNAs capped with?
efficient elongation and termination of the transcript, for
What is the 5' cap needed for?
mRNA processing and export from the nucleus, and
for directing translation
1. An RNA 5' triphosphate catalyzes removal of a phosphate
, What are the three steps for from the 5' end
the addition of the 5' cap? 2. A guanyl transferase attaches a guanosine
monophosphate (GMP) to the end in a 5'-5'
triphosphate linkage
3.The guanine is methylated by a guanine-7-methyltransferase
The 3' end of most 200
eukaryotic mRNAs have
about ___ adenosines added,
known as the poly(A) tail.
Polyadenylation at the site distal, proximal
retains
multiple regulatory
sequences.
Polyadenylation at the
__________________site
eliminates
the regulatory sequences.
1. Initial cleavage after a CA that lies between a
What are the steps for the
conserved AAUAAA hexamer and a U or GU-rich
addition of the poly(A) tail?
region
2. After cleavage, ~200 adenosines are added by poly(A)
polymerase
What is responsible for The CTD of the largest subunit of RNA Pol II, RBP1
mediating mRNA
processing?
_____is needed to allow RNA Capping, polyadenylation
Pol II to
continue transcription is
needed
for efficient transcription
termination.
1. CTD becomes partially phosphorylated on
transcription initiation and recruits capping
How does the CTD of
enzyme
RBP1 sequentially recruit
2. Elongation leads to more phosphorylation of
the different processing
CTD, which recruits splicing machinery
complexes? 3.This also leads to recruitment of the cleavage and
polyadenylation complex
Terms in this set (185)
1. Contribution to regulation of gene activity
What are the three main 2. Diversity - many different RNAs can be produced
benefits to RNA from one gene via alternative splicing
processing? 3. Quality control
Many of the RNA protein, RNA, RNPs
processing complexes
contain both _______ and ___
components. Give an
example.
An E. coli precursor encodes 3, several
__ rRNAs and
__ tRNAs.
The S. cerevisiae precursor 3
encodes __ rRNAs.
Why is encoding several ensures that similar amounts of each RNA are made
RNAs in one precursor
beneficial?
True or False: Exonucleases False, go both ways
operate strictly in the 3' to
5' direction during RNA
processing.
Give two examples of RNase III and RNase P
endonucleases.
5' trimming of tRNAs is done RNase P
by which endonuclease?
True or False: Both the False: Only bacterial can cut alone
bacterial and eukaryotic
RNA component of
RNase P can cut RNA
alone
,True or False: Some True
rRNA introns can
catalyze their own
removal and are
subsequently called
self-splicing.
What is the CCA sequence? It is the attachment site on the tRNA for the amino acid
What are the two most 1. ribose 2'-O-methylation
common rRNA 2. pseudouridylation
modifications?
True or False: Post- False: Modifications can be small, like methylation, but
transcriptional chemical can also be large, like the addition of a threonine
modifications are limited to
small additions such as
methylation
What are snoRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs typically made from introns of
what is their general precursor mRNAs and they are typically used as
purpose? guide RNAs
Describe how The snoRNA base-pairs with specific regions of target
snoRNAs catalyze RNAs and directs enzymes to these positions
methylation of
nucleotides
snoRNAs that direct ribose box C/D, H/ACA
methylation are
____snoRNAs. snoRNAs that
direct
pseudouridylation are
_________________snoRNAs.
What is the primary protection of mRNAs from nuclease degradation and
purpose of the end assisting with protein interactions
modifications of eukaryotic
RNAs following
transcription?
What are the 5' ends of 7-methylguanine nucleotide via a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage
mRNAs capped with?
efficient elongation and termination of the transcript, for
What is the 5' cap needed for?
mRNA processing and export from the nucleus, and
for directing translation
1. An RNA 5' triphosphate catalyzes removal of a phosphate
, What are the three steps for from the 5' end
the addition of the 5' cap? 2. A guanyl transferase attaches a guanosine
monophosphate (GMP) to the end in a 5'-5'
triphosphate linkage
3.The guanine is methylated by a guanine-7-methyltransferase
The 3' end of most 200
eukaryotic mRNAs have
about ___ adenosines added,
known as the poly(A) tail.
Polyadenylation at the site distal, proximal
retains
multiple regulatory
sequences.
Polyadenylation at the
__________________site
eliminates
the regulatory sequences.
1. Initial cleavage after a CA that lies between a
What are the steps for the
conserved AAUAAA hexamer and a U or GU-rich
addition of the poly(A) tail?
region
2. After cleavage, ~200 adenosines are added by poly(A)
polymerase
What is responsible for The CTD of the largest subunit of RNA Pol II, RBP1
mediating mRNA
processing?
_____is needed to allow RNA Capping, polyadenylation
Pol II to
continue transcription is
needed
for efficient transcription
termination.
1. CTD becomes partially phosphorylated on
transcription initiation and recruits capping
How does the CTD of
enzyme
RBP1 sequentially recruit
2. Elongation leads to more phosphorylation of
the different processing
CTD, which recruits splicing machinery
complexes? 3.This also leads to recruitment of the cleavage and
polyadenylation complex
