NAGELHOUT 21 - FLUID, LYTES, &
BLOOD EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a full-term newborn? - ANSWER-70-80%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a 1 year old? - ANSWER-64%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in puberty to 39 years old? - ANSWER-Men
60%
Women 52%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a 40-60 year old? - ANSWER-Men 55%
Women 47%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a <60 years? - ANSWER-Men 52%
Women 46%
What are the major cations and anions of the ECF? - ANSWER-cations: Na+, Ca2+
anions: Cl-, HCO3-
What are the major cations and anions of the ICF? - ANSWER-cations: K+,Mg2+
anions: PO4 3-, proteins
What is the total mOsm/L of plasma? - ANSWER-301.8
What is the corrected osmolar activity of plasma? - ANSWER-282 mOsm/L H20
What is the total mOsm/L of intracellular fluid? - ANSWER-301.2
What is the corrected osmolar activity of intracellular fluid? - ANSWER-301.2 mOsm/L
Describe class I hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: <750
blood loss %: <15
HR: <100
BP: normal
pulse pressure: normal to increased
cap refill:normal
RR: 14-20
urine: >= 30
CNS: slightly anxious
, fluid replacement: crystalloid
Describe class II hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: 750-1000
blood loss %: 15-30
HR: >100
BP: normal
pulse pressure: decreases
cap refill: decreased
RR: 20-30
urine: 20-30
CNS: mildly anxious
fluid replacement: crystalloid
Describe class III hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: 1500-2000
blood loss %: 30-40
HR: >120
BP: decreased
pulse pressure: decreased
cap refill: decreased
RR: 30-40
urine: 5-15
CNS: anxious and confused
fluid replacement: crystalloid and blood
Describe class IV hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: >=2000
blood loss %:>=40
HR: <=140
BP: decreased
pulse pressure: decreased
cap refill: decreased
RR: >35
urine: negligible
CNS: confused and lethargic
fluid replacement: crystalloid and blood
What class of hemorrhagic shock does BP start to decrease? - ANSWER-Class III
At what stage of hemorrhagic shock is blood replaced? - ANSWER-Class III
Define hyponatremia. - ANSWER-Na+ < 135 mEq/L
Name 5 classifications of hyponatremia. - ANSWER-1. isotonic hyponatremia
(pseudohyponatremia)
2. hypertonic hyponatremia
3. hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
4. isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
BLOOD EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a full-term newborn? - ANSWER-70-80%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a 1 year old? - ANSWER-64%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in puberty to 39 years old? - ANSWER-Men
60%
Women 52%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a 40-60 year old? - ANSWER-Men 55%
Women 47%
What % of body weight is total body fluid in a <60 years? - ANSWER-Men 52%
Women 46%
What are the major cations and anions of the ECF? - ANSWER-cations: Na+, Ca2+
anions: Cl-, HCO3-
What are the major cations and anions of the ICF? - ANSWER-cations: K+,Mg2+
anions: PO4 3-, proteins
What is the total mOsm/L of plasma? - ANSWER-301.8
What is the corrected osmolar activity of plasma? - ANSWER-282 mOsm/L H20
What is the total mOsm/L of intracellular fluid? - ANSWER-301.2
What is the corrected osmolar activity of intracellular fluid? - ANSWER-301.2 mOsm/L
Describe class I hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: <750
blood loss %: <15
HR: <100
BP: normal
pulse pressure: normal to increased
cap refill:normal
RR: 14-20
urine: >= 30
CNS: slightly anxious
, fluid replacement: crystalloid
Describe class II hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: 750-1000
blood loss %: 15-30
HR: >100
BP: normal
pulse pressure: decreases
cap refill: decreased
RR: 20-30
urine: 20-30
CNS: mildly anxious
fluid replacement: crystalloid
Describe class III hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: 1500-2000
blood loss %: 30-40
HR: >120
BP: decreased
pulse pressure: decreased
cap refill: decreased
RR: 30-40
urine: 5-15
CNS: anxious and confused
fluid replacement: crystalloid and blood
Describe class IV hemorrhagic shock. - ANSWER-blood loss: >=2000
blood loss %:>=40
HR: <=140
BP: decreased
pulse pressure: decreased
cap refill: decreased
RR: >35
urine: negligible
CNS: confused and lethargic
fluid replacement: crystalloid and blood
What class of hemorrhagic shock does BP start to decrease? - ANSWER-Class III
At what stage of hemorrhagic shock is blood replaced? - ANSWER-Class III
Define hyponatremia. - ANSWER-Na+ < 135 mEq/L
Name 5 classifications of hyponatremia. - ANSWER-1. isotonic hyponatremia
(pseudohyponatremia)
2. hypertonic hyponatremia
3. hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
4. isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
