NAGELHOUT PHARM 2 EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
What is the best treatment for ACUTE bronchospasm? - ANSWER-Inhalation beta-2
agonist
What is the best treatment for CHRONIC asthma? - ANSWER-Inhalation steroids
Step 1 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Mild intermittent asthma
Step 2 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Mild persistent asthma
Step 3 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Moderate persistent asthma
Step 4 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Severe persistent asthma
Mechanism of class I antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Na channel blockers;
depression of phase 0 depolarization
Mechanism of class II antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Beta blockers
Mechanism of class III antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Potassium blockers; prolongs
repolarization
Mechanism of class IV antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Calcium channel blockers
Adenosine works on what receptors? - ANSWER-Purinergic P1 receptors
Drug treatment for a-fib/a-flutter? - ANSWER-IV verapamil, diltiazem, or beta blocker
Drug treatment for SVT? - ANSWER-IV verapamil, diltiazem, or beta blocker
Drug treatment for PVCs? - ANSWER-If asymptomatic, just monitor; if symptomatic,
lidocaine, beta-blocker, or amiodarone
Drug treatment for v-tach and v-fib? - ANSWER-Amiodarone or lidocaine
Drug treatment for cardiac glycoside (Digoxin) induced arrhythmias? - ANSWER-Treat
arrhythmia as you usually would and/or Digibind/Digifab
Drug treatment for torsades? - ANSWER-Magnesium
, Drug treatment for bradyarrhythmias and heart blocks? - ANSWER-Atropine and/or
pacing
Normal BP - ANSWER-SBP: <120
DBP: and <80
Prehypertension BP - ANSWER-SBP: 120-139
DBP: or 80-90
Stage I HTN BP - ANSWER-SBP: 140-150
DBP: or 90-99
Stage II HTN BP - ANSWER-SBP: >/= 160
DBP: or >/= 100
Characteristics of hypertensive urgency? - ANSWER-SBP: >/= 180
DBP: >/= 120
Absence of acute end organ damage
BP should be reduced over hours to days
Characteristics of hypertensive emergency? - ANSWER-Presence of acute end organ
damage and BP elevation
Organ damage is the result of acute rise in BP
BP should be reduced immediately to reduce further damage
Why do diuretics make BP go down? - ANSWER-Diuresis/decreased blood volume, but
patients become tolerant to diuretic effect within a couple weeks. However, BP stays
down even after diuretic effect wears off; we don't know why.
Why do ACE inhibitors make BP go down? - ANSWER-1) Renin converts
Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
2) ACE converts Angiotensin I to Angtiotensin II
*ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
3) Angiotensin II attaches to Angiotensin receptors
4) Activation of receptors results in vasoconstriction, Na retention, and increased BP
*ACE inhibitors ultimately cause vasodilation and decreased serum sodium
Which direct vasodilator works on arteries, veins, and both? - ANSWER-Hydralazine =
arterial dilator; decreases afterload
Nitroglycerin = venous dilator; decreases preload
Nipride = arterial and venous dilator; equally reduces preload and afterload
How does nitroglycerin work for angina? - ANSWER-It decreases oxygen demand via a
reduction in preload and some beneficial redistribution of blood flow
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT
What is the best treatment for ACUTE bronchospasm? - ANSWER-Inhalation beta-2
agonist
What is the best treatment for CHRONIC asthma? - ANSWER-Inhalation steroids
Step 1 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Mild intermittent asthma
Step 2 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Mild persistent asthma
Step 3 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Moderate persistent asthma
Step 4 asthma is called? - ANSWER-Severe persistent asthma
Mechanism of class I antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Na channel blockers;
depression of phase 0 depolarization
Mechanism of class II antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Beta blockers
Mechanism of class III antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Potassium blockers; prolongs
repolarization
Mechanism of class IV antiarrhythmic drugs? - ANSWER-Calcium channel blockers
Adenosine works on what receptors? - ANSWER-Purinergic P1 receptors
Drug treatment for a-fib/a-flutter? - ANSWER-IV verapamil, diltiazem, or beta blocker
Drug treatment for SVT? - ANSWER-IV verapamil, diltiazem, or beta blocker
Drug treatment for PVCs? - ANSWER-If asymptomatic, just monitor; if symptomatic,
lidocaine, beta-blocker, or amiodarone
Drug treatment for v-tach and v-fib? - ANSWER-Amiodarone or lidocaine
Drug treatment for cardiac glycoside (Digoxin) induced arrhythmias? - ANSWER-Treat
arrhythmia as you usually would and/or Digibind/Digifab
Drug treatment for torsades? - ANSWER-Magnesium
, Drug treatment for bradyarrhythmias and heart blocks? - ANSWER-Atropine and/or
pacing
Normal BP - ANSWER-SBP: <120
DBP: and <80
Prehypertension BP - ANSWER-SBP: 120-139
DBP: or 80-90
Stage I HTN BP - ANSWER-SBP: 140-150
DBP: or 90-99
Stage II HTN BP - ANSWER-SBP: >/= 160
DBP: or >/= 100
Characteristics of hypertensive urgency? - ANSWER-SBP: >/= 180
DBP: >/= 120
Absence of acute end organ damage
BP should be reduced over hours to days
Characteristics of hypertensive emergency? - ANSWER-Presence of acute end organ
damage and BP elevation
Organ damage is the result of acute rise in BP
BP should be reduced immediately to reduce further damage
Why do diuretics make BP go down? - ANSWER-Diuresis/decreased blood volume, but
patients become tolerant to diuretic effect within a couple weeks. However, BP stays
down even after diuretic effect wears off; we don't know why.
Why do ACE inhibitors make BP go down? - ANSWER-1) Renin converts
Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I
2) ACE converts Angiotensin I to Angtiotensin II
*ACE inhibitors block the conversion of Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II
3) Angiotensin II attaches to Angiotensin receptors
4) Activation of receptors results in vasoconstriction, Na retention, and increased BP
*ACE inhibitors ultimately cause vasodilation and decreased serum sodium
Which direct vasodilator works on arteries, veins, and both? - ANSWER-Hydralazine =
arterial dilator; decreases afterload
Nitroglycerin = venous dilator; decreases preload
Nipride = arterial and venous dilator; equally reduces preload and afterload
How does nitroglycerin work for angina? - ANSWER-It decreases oxygen demand via a
reduction in preload and some beneficial redistribution of blood flow
