NURS-1430 Exam 4 questions well
answered already passed
Define middle adulthood - correct answer ✔✔40-65 years old
Physical changes: sensory - correct answer ✔✔-Vision: lens stiffen, presbyopia, decrease in
night vision, glaucoma development (buildup of fluid and pressure in eye structures)
-Hearing: presbycusis
-Taste and smell
Physical changes: skeletal and skin - correct answer ✔✔-Skin and hair: thinner, grey hair
-Muscle and fat: lean muscle declines, body fat accumulates in the midsection
-Skeleton: mineral content in bones declines and bone density decreases
-Osteoarthritis: happens because of wear and tear on the bones
Physical changes: reproductive - correct answer ✔✔-Fertility declines in both men and women
-Men have reduced quality and quantity of sperm
-Women go through menopause
Climacteric - correct answer ✔✔End of reproductive capacity
Menopause - correct answer ✔✔-Replacement of estrogen and/or progesterone to counteract
effects of menopause
-HRT is associated with an increase in: heart attack, stroke, blood clots, breast cancer,
gallbladder disease
,Menopausal changes in women - correct answer ✔✔-Hot flashes
-Heart palpitations
-Headache
-Decreased vaginal lubrication
-Fatigue
-Insomnia
-Emotional lability
Osteoporosis in women - correct answer ✔✔-Bone loss and decreased bond density
-Risk increases with smoking, alcohol, menopause, decreased physical activity, and poor
nutrition
-Prevention/treatment: early prevention is key, calcium and vitamin D, quit smoking, weight
bearing activities and resistance training, and bone strengthening medications
-Start in the 30s
-First sign is the experience of a fracture
Decline in testosterone - correct answer ✔✔Erectile dysfunction
Men's health - correct answer ✔✔Men are more likely to have heart disease, stroke, and
diabetes
Enlarged prostate - correct answer ✔✔Urinary symptoms
Vision testing - correct answer ✔✔At least every 2 years
Dental checkups - correct answer ✔✔Once or twice yearly
,Blood pressure monitoring - correct answer ✔✔At least yearly
Colorectal cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔Begins at age 45
Flu shot - correct answer ✔✔Yearly
Shingles immunization - correct answer ✔✔After age 50
Women: Breast examination and mammogram - correct answer ✔✔Every 2 years, aged 50-74
Women: Osteoporosis screening - correct answer ✔✔Between the ages of 50 and 70
Women: Papanicolaou (pap) testing - correct answer ✔✔Every 3 years for ages 21-29 and every
5 years for ages 30-65
Men: prostate cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔Age 45-50 if African American
Physical activity: middle adult - correct answer ✔✔-2.5 hours a week of moderate intensity
-Barries to exercise: work, time; energy, heath; convenience, lack of facilities
-Self efficacy promotes exercise
Stress - correct answer ✔✔-May be more stressors in middle age due to the number of
pressures
-Common stressors: occupational stress and burnout or unemployment, illness or death of a
spouse, and divorce or marriage
-Type A behavior and hostility linked to higher blood pressure and heart disease
, Crystalized intelligence - correct answer ✔✔Skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and
experience and good judgement
Fluid intelligence - correct answer ✔✔Depends on speed of information-processing, working
memory
Changes in information processing - correct answer ✔✔-Speed of processing decreases
-Executive function decreases
-Inhibition decreases
-Problem solving peaks 30s-40s
Fowler's spiritual stages - correct answer ✔✔Stage 5: conjunction
Stage 6: universalizing
Moral/spiritual development - correct answer ✔✔-Widening and integrating of new concepts
and sorces into spiritual philosophy
-Religion may offer comfort, coping, and/or happiness
-Kohlberg: conventional, post conventional
Erikson: Generativity - correct answer ✔✔-Focus on reaching out to others in ways that give and
guide next generation
-Optimistic "belief in the species" is a major motivator
-Extend commitment beyond oneself and one's life partner to a larger group
-Highly generative adults tend to be low in anxiety and depression
-Increases in midlife for all SES classes
Erikson: Stagnation - correct answer ✔✔-May become self-centered, self-indulgent, and/or self-
absorbed
answered already passed
Define middle adulthood - correct answer ✔✔40-65 years old
Physical changes: sensory - correct answer ✔✔-Vision: lens stiffen, presbyopia, decrease in
night vision, glaucoma development (buildup of fluid and pressure in eye structures)
-Hearing: presbycusis
-Taste and smell
Physical changes: skeletal and skin - correct answer ✔✔-Skin and hair: thinner, grey hair
-Muscle and fat: lean muscle declines, body fat accumulates in the midsection
-Skeleton: mineral content in bones declines and bone density decreases
-Osteoarthritis: happens because of wear and tear on the bones
Physical changes: reproductive - correct answer ✔✔-Fertility declines in both men and women
-Men have reduced quality and quantity of sperm
-Women go through menopause
Climacteric - correct answer ✔✔End of reproductive capacity
Menopause - correct answer ✔✔-Replacement of estrogen and/or progesterone to counteract
effects of menopause
-HRT is associated with an increase in: heart attack, stroke, blood clots, breast cancer,
gallbladder disease
,Menopausal changes in women - correct answer ✔✔-Hot flashes
-Heart palpitations
-Headache
-Decreased vaginal lubrication
-Fatigue
-Insomnia
-Emotional lability
Osteoporosis in women - correct answer ✔✔-Bone loss and decreased bond density
-Risk increases with smoking, alcohol, menopause, decreased physical activity, and poor
nutrition
-Prevention/treatment: early prevention is key, calcium and vitamin D, quit smoking, weight
bearing activities and resistance training, and bone strengthening medications
-Start in the 30s
-First sign is the experience of a fracture
Decline in testosterone - correct answer ✔✔Erectile dysfunction
Men's health - correct answer ✔✔Men are more likely to have heart disease, stroke, and
diabetes
Enlarged prostate - correct answer ✔✔Urinary symptoms
Vision testing - correct answer ✔✔At least every 2 years
Dental checkups - correct answer ✔✔Once or twice yearly
,Blood pressure monitoring - correct answer ✔✔At least yearly
Colorectal cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔Begins at age 45
Flu shot - correct answer ✔✔Yearly
Shingles immunization - correct answer ✔✔After age 50
Women: Breast examination and mammogram - correct answer ✔✔Every 2 years, aged 50-74
Women: Osteoporosis screening - correct answer ✔✔Between the ages of 50 and 70
Women: Papanicolaou (pap) testing - correct answer ✔✔Every 3 years for ages 21-29 and every
5 years for ages 30-65
Men: prostate cancer screening - correct answer ✔✔Age 45-50 if African American
Physical activity: middle adult - correct answer ✔✔-2.5 hours a week of moderate intensity
-Barries to exercise: work, time; energy, heath; convenience, lack of facilities
-Self efficacy promotes exercise
Stress - correct answer ✔✔-May be more stressors in middle age due to the number of
pressures
-Common stressors: occupational stress and burnout or unemployment, illness or death of a
spouse, and divorce or marriage
-Type A behavior and hostility linked to higher blood pressure and heart disease
, Crystalized intelligence - correct answer ✔✔Skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and
experience and good judgement
Fluid intelligence - correct answer ✔✔Depends on speed of information-processing, working
memory
Changes in information processing - correct answer ✔✔-Speed of processing decreases
-Executive function decreases
-Inhibition decreases
-Problem solving peaks 30s-40s
Fowler's spiritual stages - correct answer ✔✔Stage 5: conjunction
Stage 6: universalizing
Moral/spiritual development - correct answer ✔✔-Widening and integrating of new concepts
and sorces into spiritual philosophy
-Religion may offer comfort, coping, and/or happiness
-Kohlberg: conventional, post conventional
Erikson: Generativity - correct answer ✔✔-Focus on reaching out to others in ways that give and
guide next generation
-Optimistic "belief in the species" is a major motivator
-Extend commitment beyond oneself and one's life partner to a larger group
-Highly generative adults tend to be low in anxiety and depression
-Increases in midlife for all SES classes
Erikson: Stagnation - correct answer ✔✔-May become self-centered, self-indulgent, and/or self-
absorbed
