AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY
PAPER 1
, TOF steps - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) ionisation
2) acceleration
3) ion drift
4) detection
5) analysis
Electron impact - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sample vaporised and electron gun fires high
energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron from each particle, making them 1+
ions
NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
electrospray ionization - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sample dissolved in volatile solvent
then injected through needle to give fine mist which is attached to positive end of high
voltage power supply, particles gain proton
NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra H+
Acceleration (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS-positive ions accelerated using electric
field so they all have the same kinetic energy
Ion drift (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS-particles with small mass have larger velocity
do ions start to separate with lightest ions reaching detector first
Detection (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS-positive ions hit negatively charged plate and
gain an electron which forms a current, the larger the current the higher the abundance
Analysis (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS--computer uses data to produce mass
spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
-mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due to isotopes)
-may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
Electron spin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Property of electron (CW or ACW)
Represented by up and down arrows
Orbitals - CORRECT ANSWERS-Defined regions of space around nucleus where
electrons most likely to be found, each orbital holds 2 electrons
Hund's Rule - CORRECT ANSWERS-Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own
and only pair up when no empty or bait ask of same energy are available
Electron configuration - CORRECT ANSWERS-1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
4d10
PAPER 1
, TOF steps - CORRECT ANSWERS-1) ionisation
2) acceleration
3) ion drift
4) detection
5) analysis
Electron impact - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sample vaporised and electron gun fires high
energy electrons at it which knock off 1 electron from each particle, making them 1+
ions
NB- can knock off more than one e or break molecular ion
electrospray ionization - CORRECT ANSWERS-Sample dissolved in volatile solvent
then injected through needle to give fine mist which is attached to positive end of high
voltage power supply, particles gain proton
NB- Mr of substance is actually one less than shown due to extra H+
Acceleration (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS-positive ions accelerated using electric
field so they all have the same kinetic energy
Ion drift (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS-particles with small mass have larger velocity
do ions start to separate with lightest ions reaching detector first
Detection (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS-positive ions hit negatively charged plate and
gain an electron which forms a current, the larger the current the higher the abundance
Analysis (TOF) - CORRECT ANSWERS--computer uses data to produce mass
spectrum which shows mass m / charge z ratio
-mr or ar is furthest right peak (small peaks larger than mr are due to isotopes)
-may be large peaks at lower mr due to fragmentation
Electron spin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Property of electron (CW or ACW)
Represented by up and down arrows
Orbitals - CORRECT ANSWERS-Defined regions of space around nucleus where
electrons most likely to be found, each orbital holds 2 electrons
Hund's Rule - CORRECT ANSWERS-Electrons prefer to occupy orbitals on their own
and only pair up when no empty or bait ask of same energy are available
Electron configuration - CORRECT ANSWERS-1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
4d10
