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Antwoorden - Moderne wiskunde - wiskunde B - VWO 5 - H1 - Logaritmische functies

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Antwoorden - Moderne wiskunde - wiskunde B - H1 - Logaritmische functies

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22 juni 2020




Hoofdstuk 1: Logaritmische functies
V-1.
a. x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
f(x) 64 128 256 512 1024 2048

b. f ( x ) = 256  2x
c. b is de hoogte waarop de grafiek de y-as snijdt en g is de groeifactor.

V-2.
a. f, g en j zijn exponentiële functies. (h en i zijn machtsfuncties)
b. g en j zijn stijgende functies, want de groeifactor is groter dan 1.
c. f: (0, 4) g: (0, 2) j: (0, 7)

V-3.
a. 5 3  5 4 = 53 + 4 = 57 c. 2−4  23 = 2−4+3 = 2−1
b. (72 )5 = 725 = 710 d. (53 )2  55 = 532+5 = 511

V-4. V-5.
−3
a. 7 = 1
73
= 1
343
a. 314  3 −16 = 3 −2 = 1
9

b. g −5 = 1
g5
b. a −3  a −5  a12 = a 4
c. ( 31 )−2 = (( 31 )−1 )2 = 32 = 9 c. 7 x +1  7− x +3 = 74 = 2401

V-6.
a. 23  24  25 = 23+4+5 = 212 d. (23  24 )5 = (27 )5 = 235
1 1
b. 8 2  16 2 = 23  2 2  24  2 2 = 28 e. ( p−2 )3  ( p3 )5 = p−6  p15 = p9
1 1 1 1
3
6  3 36 6 3  36 3 6 3  (62 ) 3 1+ 2−1 1 a 2  a7 a9
c. = 1 = 1 =6 3 3 2
=6 2
f. 3 2
= 6 = a3
6 62 62 (a ) a

V-7.
a. f ( x ) = 6  ( 31 )2− x = 6  ( 31 )2  ( 31 )− x = 6  91  (( 31 )−1 )x = 32  3 x = g ( x )
b. m( x ) = 1,25  (0,8)3− x = 1,25  (0,8)3  (0,8)− x = 0,64  ((0,8)−1)x = 0,64  1,25x

V-8.
a. beginhoeveelheid: M(0) = 5,625  2,560,50+2 = 36,864
M(1) = 5,625  2,560,51+2 = 58,9824 groeifactor: 58,9824
36,864
= 1,6
1
b. g half uur = 1,6  1,26 2



of: M(t ) = 5,625  2,560,5t +2 = 5,625  2,560,5t  2,562 = (5,625  2,562 )  (2,560,5 )t
b = 5,625  2,562 = 36,864 en g = 2,560,5 = 1,6

V-9.
a. 21+5 x = 8 = 23 b. 5 2 t −8 = 1
25
= 5−2 c. 3 − t = 9 = 32
1+ 5x = 3 2t − 8 = −2 −t = 2
x = 52 t =3 t = −2


1
Uitwerkingen 5 vwo wiskunde B, hoofdstuk 1

, 22 juni 2020



d. 8  4p = 2 e. 6  6x = 1
6
= 6 −1 f. 5 2 t  53 t = 1 = 50
4 p = 41 = 4 −1 1 + x = −1 5t = 0
p = −1 x = −2 t =0

V-10.
a. 3− x = 5 b. 4  2x+3 = 7
− x = 3 log(5) 2x +3 = 1 34
x = − 3 log(5)  −1,46 x + 3 = 2 log(1 34 )
x = −3 + 2 log(1 34 )  −2,19
c. 50,3 x = 1 + 2− x
Voer in: y1 = 50,3 x en y 2 = 1 + 2− x intersect: x  0,89
1 2− x
d. −3 x + 4 = −4 + ( ) 2

Voer in: y1 = −3 x + 4 en y 2 = −4 + ( 21 )2− x intersect: x  2,27




1.
a. voor a = 1, a = 3 en a = 9
b. voor a = 243 = 35 en a = 729 = 36

2.
a. omdat 7 niet als macht van 2 te schrijven is.
b. 22,80  6,96 en 22,81  7,01
c. voer in: y 1 = 2 x en y 2 = 7 intersect: x  2,8074

3. c, d en e kun je exact oplossen
1
10 x = 101 = 10 −1 5x = 5 = 5 2 2 x = 256 = 28
x = −1 x = 21 x =8


2
Uitwerkingen 5 vwo wiskunde B, hoofdstuk 1

, 22 juni 2020



4.
a. 3 2 = 9 en 33 = 27 , dus 25 ligt tussen 2 en 3.
b. de oplossing van 3 x = 15 ligt tussen 2 en 3 en die van 6 x = 30 tussen 1 en 2.
De oplossing van 3 x = 15 is dus groter.

5.
1
a. x = 7 log(4) c. x = 7 log(13) e. x = 5 log(100)
b. x = 7 log(10) d. x = 3 log(14) f. x = 5 log( 21 )

6.
a. 3x = 5 c. ( 21 )x = 7 e. 2x = 1
4

b. 7x = 1
2 d. 2 x = 16 f. (0,1)x = 1000

7.
1 11
a. 3
log27 = 3 omdat 27 = 33 c. 5
log5 5 = 1 21 omdat 5 5 = 51  5 2 = 5 2
b. 2
log 81 = −3 omdat 1
8
= 1
23
= 2−3 d. 7
log1 = 0 omdat 1 = 70

8.
a. De machten van 5: 5 log5 = 1, 5 log25 = 2 , 5 log125 = 3 en 5 log625 = 4
b. 7
log 71 = −1, 7 log 491 = −2 en 7 log 343
1
= −3

9.
1 1 1
log(2 2) = 2 log(21  2 2 ) = 1 21 log( 641 ) = 4 log( 41 ) = 3
2 3
a. c. 4


1 1 −2
b. 7
log( 491 ) = 7 log(7−2 ) = −2 d. 3
log(9) = 3 log( 31 ) = −2
1
c. 10
log(1000 000) = 10 log(106 ) = 6 e. 25
log(5) = 25
log(25 2 ) = 1
2



10. Kijk tussen welke machten van 3 12 ligt. 32  12  33 dus 2  3 log12  3
625 = 54  1000  55 = 3125 dus 4  5 log1000  5
1
5
= 5 −1  1
2
 1 = 50 dus −1  5 log( 21 )  0
5 = ( 51 )−1  20  ( 51 )−2 = 25 dus −2  5 log(20)  −1
1




11.
a. OmtrekK0 = 3  9 = 27 en OmtrekK1 = 3  4  93 = 36
b. Het aantal zijden wordt telkens 4 keer zo groot en de lengte wordt 3 keer zo klein.
De totale lengte wordt 34 = 1 31 keer zo groot. En de beginwaarde is 27.
c. 27  (1 31 )n = 85 31 = 256
3

( 34 )n = 3256 = 344 = ( 34 )4
4

27

n=4
11
d. n = 3 log(3 13 81
)




3
Uitwerkingen 5 vwo wiskunde B, hoofdstuk 1

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