Biology 212 Final Exam Questions And Answers With
Verified Solutions
In animal cells water moves to where the solute concentration is __________. ANS highest
The maintenance of body conditions within a narrow range. ANS Homeostasis
Hypothesis: "In the Conti et al. experiments, the hypothermic transgenic mice showed no change in food
intake or physical activity, but their body weight did increase, presumably due to a lower basal metabolic
rate."
The activity of the Orexin::UCP engineered mice was = the activity of wild type mice, as measured by
locomotor counts.
Engineered mice did not differ from wild type in calorie intake or activity level. All mice were raised at
25°c, given the same amount of food, and raised in the same cage types. ANS Saper Paper
Because the cation is entering the cell it MUST be true that... ANS the net of the combined influences
of charge and
concentration are pushing the ion into the cell.
An increase in _________ allows a(n) __________ to work faster because it can find and bind to it faster.
ANS substrate; enzyme
The amount of substrate needed for an enzyme to run at ½ Vmax. A measure of the affinity of an enzyme
for substrate (low __________ represents high affinity). ANS Km
A measure of enzyme activity (product made/unit time). ANS Vmax
Temperature regulators that use metabolic processes and behavior to regulate body temps are called
__________. ANS endotherms
Temperature conformers that use behavior to control body temperature, but not metabolic processes.
ANS Ectotherms
,Endotherms have a basal metabolic rate that is about _________ as high as a similarly-sized ectotherm.
They can do about __________ the amount of sustained work as well. ANS 10x
These are the values of the X-axis for the horizontal part of the curve. The temperature range at which the
animal can maintain body temperature without added energy costs. ANS Thermoneutral Range
The ratio of Metabolic rate between the basal and maximum sustainable metabolic rates. As a rule of
thumb, the maximum MR is 10x the basal MR. This makes sense because both the cost of maintaining
basal metabolism and the potential output of metabolism are dictated by the amount of mitochondrial
machinery in the cells of the animal. ANS Aerobic Scope
The __________ feedback that slows down glycolysis, which slows down ATP production, so that ATP
levels fall. It is a negative feedback loop because when ATP levels fall ATP no longer inhibits
__________. The __________ feedback loop that speeds glycolysis when ATP levels are low. ANS
ATP; PFK; AMP
If __________ is abundant, it directly interacts with and reduces the rate of the rate limiting enzyme of
glycolysis, which is called __________. ! In contrast, when __________ is abundant it speeds
__________ up. __________ is abundant when much of the ATP has been used up - high __________ is a
sign of too little ATP. ANS ATP; PFK; AMP; PFK; AMP; AMP
The __________ allows metabolism to increase without an increase in ATP manufacture. ___________
activity increases PFK activity. ANS uncoupler protein (UPC)
A mechanism that allows a cell to burn fuel for heat without adding to ATP production. It avoids the ATP
concentration negative feedback mechanism (non-shivering thermogenesis). ANS Metabolic
Thermogenisis
What energy source concentrates protons? ANS NADH
A tissue or perhaps diffuse organ system that is very rich in mitochondria, which are themselves rich in
uncoupler proteins. Environment and genetics dictate how much of it we carry, and that the more we
carry, the greater advantage in terms of several health-related metabolic indices. ANS Brown Fat
, Regulation that reduces the Vmax of an enzyme, but does not change the Km. ANS Non-Competitive
Inhibition
When molecules similar to the substrate enter the active site and keep it busy, preventing the substrate or
substrates from entering. ANS Direct Competitive Inhibition
Regulation that occurs via interactions at sites other than the active site. Essentially some other part of
enzyme is bound, which changes the enzyme shape, reducing or increasing its rate of function
(competitive kinetics). ANS Allosteric Regulation
How is a decrease in PFK activity accomplished? ANS When ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor.
Surface Area increases in proportion to Mass^___________. ANS 2/3
The smaller the cell, the bigger the ___________. ANS surface area / volume (SA/V)
The diffusion of water. ANS Osmosis
__________ is very fast over short distances but very, very slow over greater distances. Rate is
proportional to 1/distance^2. ANS Diffusion
Fick's Second Law of Diffusion ANS Time = [1/2D]x^2 (where D is the diffusion coefficient and x is
the distance.
Individuals of __________ species burn more fuel than individuals of ___________ species. ANS
larger; smaller
Cell number α Mass^__________. ANS 1
Volume α Mass^_________. ANS 1
Verified Solutions
In animal cells water moves to where the solute concentration is __________. ANS highest
The maintenance of body conditions within a narrow range. ANS Homeostasis
Hypothesis: "In the Conti et al. experiments, the hypothermic transgenic mice showed no change in food
intake or physical activity, but their body weight did increase, presumably due to a lower basal metabolic
rate."
The activity of the Orexin::UCP engineered mice was = the activity of wild type mice, as measured by
locomotor counts.
Engineered mice did not differ from wild type in calorie intake or activity level. All mice were raised at
25°c, given the same amount of food, and raised in the same cage types. ANS Saper Paper
Because the cation is entering the cell it MUST be true that... ANS the net of the combined influences
of charge and
concentration are pushing the ion into the cell.
An increase in _________ allows a(n) __________ to work faster because it can find and bind to it faster.
ANS substrate; enzyme
The amount of substrate needed for an enzyme to run at ½ Vmax. A measure of the affinity of an enzyme
for substrate (low __________ represents high affinity). ANS Km
A measure of enzyme activity (product made/unit time). ANS Vmax
Temperature regulators that use metabolic processes and behavior to regulate body temps are called
__________. ANS endotherms
Temperature conformers that use behavior to control body temperature, but not metabolic processes.
ANS Ectotherms
,Endotherms have a basal metabolic rate that is about _________ as high as a similarly-sized ectotherm.
They can do about __________ the amount of sustained work as well. ANS 10x
These are the values of the X-axis for the horizontal part of the curve. The temperature range at which the
animal can maintain body temperature without added energy costs. ANS Thermoneutral Range
The ratio of Metabolic rate between the basal and maximum sustainable metabolic rates. As a rule of
thumb, the maximum MR is 10x the basal MR. This makes sense because both the cost of maintaining
basal metabolism and the potential output of metabolism are dictated by the amount of mitochondrial
machinery in the cells of the animal. ANS Aerobic Scope
The __________ feedback that slows down glycolysis, which slows down ATP production, so that ATP
levels fall. It is a negative feedback loop because when ATP levels fall ATP no longer inhibits
__________. The __________ feedback loop that speeds glycolysis when ATP levels are low. ANS
ATP; PFK; AMP
If __________ is abundant, it directly interacts with and reduces the rate of the rate limiting enzyme of
glycolysis, which is called __________. ! In contrast, when __________ is abundant it speeds
__________ up. __________ is abundant when much of the ATP has been used up - high __________ is a
sign of too little ATP. ANS ATP; PFK; AMP; PFK; AMP; AMP
The __________ allows metabolism to increase without an increase in ATP manufacture. ___________
activity increases PFK activity. ANS uncoupler protein (UPC)
A mechanism that allows a cell to burn fuel for heat without adding to ATP production. It avoids the ATP
concentration negative feedback mechanism (non-shivering thermogenesis). ANS Metabolic
Thermogenisis
What energy source concentrates protons? ANS NADH
A tissue or perhaps diffuse organ system that is very rich in mitochondria, which are themselves rich in
uncoupler proteins. Environment and genetics dictate how much of it we carry, and that the more we
carry, the greater advantage in terms of several health-related metabolic indices. ANS Brown Fat
, Regulation that reduces the Vmax of an enzyme, but does not change the Km. ANS Non-Competitive
Inhibition
When molecules similar to the substrate enter the active site and keep it busy, preventing the substrate or
substrates from entering. ANS Direct Competitive Inhibition
Regulation that occurs via interactions at sites other than the active site. Essentially some other part of
enzyme is bound, which changes the enzyme shape, reducing or increasing its rate of function
(competitive kinetics). ANS Allosteric Regulation
How is a decrease in PFK activity accomplished? ANS When ATP acts as an allosteric inhibitor.
Surface Area increases in proportion to Mass^___________. ANS 2/3
The smaller the cell, the bigger the ___________. ANS surface area / volume (SA/V)
The diffusion of water. ANS Osmosis
__________ is very fast over short distances but very, very slow over greater distances. Rate is
proportional to 1/distance^2. ANS Diffusion
Fick's Second Law of Diffusion ANS Time = [1/2D]x^2 (where D is the diffusion coefficient and x is
the distance.
Individuals of __________ species burn more fuel than individuals of ___________ species. ANS
larger; smaller
Cell number α Mass^__________. ANS 1
Volume α Mass^_________. ANS 1
