BCHM 4360 Exam 1
Terms in this set (325)
Genetic information is chromosome
packaged into at least one
very long DNA molecule --
a
__________.
Each chromosome contains one
___ double- stranded DNA
molecule
Each chromosome has many genes, intergenic
_____________________and
other
regions of DNA within a
single molecule. Regions
between genes are___.
Eukaryotes have linear, circular
______________chromosomes,
most
bacteria and archaea have
________ chromosomes.
____ complex organisms tend to less, densely, yeast
have more
_______ arranged genes. Example
is______________________.
Humans have __ 46, 132, 6
chromosomes while the
kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
Ploidy refers to how many sets of identical chromosomes an organism has
What is ploidy of humans diploid, haploid
and human sex cells?
Each individual chromosome is homologous
__________ between the
mother and the father.
_____cells have multiple sets Polyploid, liver, polyploid
of
chromosomes and are
common in some
plants. However, some human
cells such as
,_____ cells are also__.
,Eukaryotic cells can have additional, nucleus
_____________________DNA to
the chromosomal DNA found
in the_____________________.
____________ have their own, usually Mitochondria, circular
_______________________,
chromosomes.
______also have their own Chloroplasts
chromosomes.
____________ and____are thought to Mitochondria, chloroplasts
have
derived from ancestral free-
living bacteria that were
absorbed and maintained
by
other single-celled organisms.
Bacterial cells often have plasmids
additional DNA within their
cells -- small circular
molecules known as _.
Viruses are infectious DNA, RNA, linear, circular, double, single
agents and carry genetic
information as small ___ or
___
chromosomes. These
chromosomes can be
______ or _______, and ______ or_stranded.
Chromosomes must be ______ and copied, transferred
_________________________to
the next generation of cells
faithfully.
Cells must copy DNA and before
separate the
chromosomes they
can divide.
In somatic cells, the the cell cycle
sequence of events of cell
division is called what?
The chromosome cycle is with coordinated
the
cell cycle.
What are the four main G1, S, G2, M
, phases to the cell cycle?
Describe what happens in G1. Cells grow to a minimum size required for the next stage
DNA is copied, duplicating the chromosomes. The two
Describe what happens in S.
sister chromatids remain associated with one
another.
Describe what happens in G2. The cell prepares for mitosis
Sister chromatids are separated and a full set of
Describe what happens in M.
chromosomes is moved to each pole of the cell.
On entry to which cell M
cycle phase does the
nuclear envelope break
down?
In condensed chromosomes, loops
DNA appears as large
________anchored near the
middle of
the chromosome.
Chromosomes consist of ___ DNA, packaging, protect
plus __________
proteins that help condense
the DNA into a smaller
space and_____the
genome.
The DNA-protein complex chromatin
that makes up
chromosomes is called
___________________.
What occurs in the first Small positively-charged proteins bind to counteract
packing stage of the the negative charges on DNA backbone
chromatin?
Terms in this set (325)
Genetic information is chromosome
packaged into at least one
very long DNA molecule --
a
__________.
Each chromosome contains one
___ double- stranded DNA
molecule
Each chromosome has many genes, intergenic
_____________________and
other
regions of DNA within a
single molecule. Regions
between genes are___.
Eukaryotes have linear, circular
______________chromosomes,
most
bacteria and archaea have
________ chromosomes.
____ complex organisms tend to less, densely, yeast
have more
_______ arranged genes. Example
is______________________.
Humans have __ 46, 132, 6
chromosomes while the
kingfisher has ___ and fission
yeast have _.
Ploidy refers to how many sets of identical chromosomes an organism has
What is ploidy of humans diploid, haploid
and human sex cells?
Each individual chromosome is homologous
__________ between the
mother and the father.
_____cells have multiple sets Polyploid, liver, polyploid
of
chromosomes and are
common in some
plants. However, some human
cells such as
,_____ cells are also__.
,Eukaryotic cells can have additional, nucleus
_____________________DNA to
the chromosomal DNA found
in the_____________________.
____________ have their own, usually Mitochondria, circular
_______________________,
chromosomes.
______also have their own Chloroplasts
chromosomes.
____________ and____are thought to Mitochondria, chloroplasts
have
derived from ancestral free-
living bacteria that were
absorbed and maintained
by
other single-celled organisms.
Bacterial cells often have plasmids
additional DNA within their
cells -- small circular
molecules known as _.
Viruses are infectious DNA, RNA, linear, circular, double, single
agents and carry genetic
information as small ___ or
___
chromosomes. These
chromosomes can be
______ or _______, and ______ or_stranded.
Chromosomes must be ______ and copied, transferred
_________________________to
the next generation of cells
faithfully.
Cells must copy DNA and before
separate the
chromosomes they
can divide.
In somatic cells, the the cell cycle
sequence of events of cell
division is called what?
The chromosome cycle is with coordinated
the
cell cycle.
What are the four main G1, S, G2, M
, phases to the cell cycle?
Describe what happens in G1. Cells grow to a minimum size required for the next stage
DNA is copied, duplicating the chromosomes. The two
Describe what happens in S.
sister chromatids remain associated with one
another.
Describe what happens in G2. The cell prepares for mitosis
Sister chromatids are separated and a full set of
Describe what happens in M.
chromosomes is moved to each pole of the cell.
On entry to which cell M
cycle phase does the
nuclear envelope break
down?
In condensed chromosomes, loops
DNA appears as large
________anchored near the
middle of
the chromosome.
Chromosomes consist of ___ DNA, packaging, protect
plus __________
proteins that help condense
the DNA into a smaller
space and_____the
genome.
The DNA-protein complex chromatin
that makes up
chromosomes is called
___________________.
What occurs in the first Small positively-charged proteins bind to counteract
packing stage of the the negative charges on DNA backbone
chromatin?
