Radiation Physics Chapter 2 Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Absorption - ✔✔Refers to the total transfer of energy from the x-ray photon
to the atoms of matter through which the x-ray beam passes. And depends
on the energy of the x-ray beam and the composition of the absorbing
matter of tissues
Alpha particles - ✔✔These are emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals and
exist as 2 protons and neutrons, without electrons
Aluminum disks - ✔✔sheets of 0.5mm thick aluminum placed in the path
of the x-ray beam—filter out the non-penetrating, longer wavelength x-rays
Amperage - ✔✔the measurement of the number of electrons moving
through a conductor
Ampere (A) - ✔✔Current is measured in this or in miliamperes (mA)
1
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,Anode - ✔✔positive electrode, consist of a wafer-thin tungsten plate
embedded in a solid copper rod.
Atom - ✔✔The fundamental unit of matter
Neutral atom - ✔✔An atom that contains an equal number of protons
(positive charges) and electrons (negative charges).
Atomic number - ✔✔The number of protons inside the nucleus equals the
number of electrons outside the nucleus and determines this.
Atomic weight - ✔✔The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom determines this or the mass number
Autotransformer - ✔✔serves as a voltage compensator that corrects for
minor fluctuations in the current.
Beta particles - ✔✔Fast moving electrons emitted from the nucleus of
radioactive atoms
Binding energy - ✔✔Also known as binding force of an electron
2
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,-This is determined by the distance between the nucleus and the orbiting
electron and is different for each shell.
-The strongest of these is found closest to the nucleus in the K shell,
whereas electrons located in the outer shells have a weak binding energy.
Bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) - ✔✔A form of radiation that occurs
when speeding electrons slow down because of their interactions with the
tungsten target in the anode also known as general radiation
Cathode - ✔✔Negative electrode, consists of a tungsten wire filament in a
cup-shaped holder made of molybdenum
Cathode ray - ✔✔streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray
tube
Circuit - ✔✔a path of electrical current.
Filament Circuit - ✔✔The circuit that regulates the flow of electrical current
to the filament of the x-ray tube; controlled by the miliampere settings (also
known as low-voltage circuit)
3
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, High-voltage circuit - ✔✔The circuit that provides the high voltage
required to accelerate electrons and to generate x-rays in the x-ray tube;
controlled by the kilovoltage settings
Coherent scatter - ✔✔Another type of scatter radiation that may take place
when x-rays interact with matter is known as this or unmodified scatter.
This type of radiation involves an x-ray photon that has its path altered by
matter. This occurs when a low-energy x-ray photon interacts with an
outer-shell electron. No change in the atom occurs, and an x-ray photon of
scattered radiation is produced.
Compton electron - ✔✔The x-ray photon loses energy and continues in a
different direction (scatters) at a lower energy level. The new, weaker x-ray
photon interacts with other atoms until all its energy is gone. The ejected
electron is termed this or recoil electron, and has a negative charge. The
remaining atom is positively charged.
Compton scatter - ✔✔An x-ray photon collides with a loosely bound, outer
shell electron and gives up part of its energy to eject the electron form its
orbit.
4
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Absorption - ✔✔Refers to the total transfer of energy from the x-ray photon
to the atoms of matter through which the x-ray beam passes. And depends
on the energy of the x-ray beam and the composition of the absorbing
matter of tissues
Alpha particles - ✔✔These are emitted from the nuclei of heavy metals and
exist as 2 protons and neutrons, without electrons
Aluminum disks - ✔✔sheets of 0.5mm thick aluminum placed in the path
of the x-ray beam—filter out the non-penetrating, longer wavelength x-rays
Amperage - ✔✔the measurement of the number of electrons moving
through a conductor
Ampere (A) - ✔✔Current is measured in this or in miliamperes (mA)
1
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,Anode - ✔✔positive electrode, consist of a wafer-thin tungsten plate
embedded in a solid copper rod.
Atom - ✔✔The fundamental unit of matter
Neutral atom - ✔✔An atom that contains an equal number of protons
(positive charges) and electrons (negative charges).
Atomic number - ✔✔The number of protons inside the nucleus equals the
number of electrons outside the nucleus and determines this.
Atomic weight - ✔✔The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of
an atom determines this or the mass number
Autotransformer - ✔✔serves as a voltage compensator that corrects for
minor fluctuations in the current.
Beta particles - ✔✔Fast moving electrons emitted from the nucleus of
radioactive atoms
Binding energy - ✔✔Also known as binding force of an electron
2
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,-This is determined by the distance between the nucleus and the orbiting
electron and is different for each shell.
-The strongest of these is found closest to the nucleus in the K shell,
whereas electrons located in the outer shells have a weak binding energy.
Bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) - ✔✔A form of radiation that occurs
when speeding electrons slow down because of their interactions with the
tungsten target in the anode also known as general radiation
Cathode - ✔✔Negative electrode, consists of a tungsten wire filament in a
cup-shaped holder made of molybdenum
Cathode ray - ✔✔streams of high-speed electrons that originate in an x-ray
tube
Circuit - ✔✔a path of electrical current.
Filament Circuit - ✔✔The circuit that regulates the flow of electrical current
to the filament of the x-ray tube; controlled by the miliampere settings (also
known as low-voltage circuit)
3
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, High-voltage circuit - ✔✔The circuit that provides the high voltage
required to accelerate electrons and to generate x-rays in the x-ray tube;
controlled by the kilovoltage settings
Coherent scatter - ✔✔Another type of scatter radiation that may take place
when x-rays interact with matter is known as this or unmodified scatter.
This type of radiation involves an x-ray photon that has its path altered by
matter. This occurs when a low-energy x-ray photon interacts with an
outer-shell electron. No change in the atom occurs, and an x-ray photon of
scattered radiation is produced.
Compton electron - ✔✔The x-ray photon loses energy and continues in a
different direction (scatters) at a lower energy level. The new, weaker x-ray
photon interacts with other atoms until all its energy is gone. The ejected
electron is termed this or recoil electron, and has a negative charge. The
remaining atom is positively charged.
Compton scatter - ✔✔An x-ray photon collides with a loosely bound, outer
shell electron and gives up part of its energy to eject the electron form its
orbit.
4
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