CBCC-KA MIDTERM EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔pseudoconditioning - ✔✔an elicited response that appears to be a CR is actually the
result of sensitization rather than conditioning
✔✔fixed action pattern - ✔✔fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus;
often species-specific
✔✔reflex arc - ✔✔a neural structure that underlies many simple reflexes and consists of
a sensory neuron, interferon, and motor neuron
✔✔sign stimulus - ✔✔a specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern
✔✔acquisition - ✔✔the process of developing and strengthening a conditioned
response through repeated pairings of an NS with a US
✔✔asymptote - ✔✔maximum amount of conditioning that can take place in a particular
situation
✔✔blocking - ✔✔the phenomenon whereby the presence of an established CS
interferes with conditioning of a new CS
✔✔compound stimulus - ✔✔complex stimulus that consists of the simultaneous
presentation of two or more individual stimuli
✔✔disinhibition - ✔✔the sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an
extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced
✔✔experimental neurosis - ✔✔experimentally produced disorder in which animals
exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic-like symptoms
✔✔extinction - ✔✔the process whereby a CR can be weakened or eliminated when the
CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of US; also, procedure whereby this
happens is repeated presentation of the CS in the absence of the US
✔✔higher-order conditioning - ✔✔the process whereby an NS that is associated with a
CS also becomes a CS
✔✔latent inhibition - ✔✔phenomenon whereby a familiar stimulus is more difficult to
condition as a CS than a novel stimulus
, ✔✔occasion setting - ✔✔a procedure in which a stimulus (known as occasion setter)
signals whether a CS is likely to be followed by a US and thereby controls whether CS
will elicit CR
✔✔overshadowing - ✔✔phenomenon whereby more salient member of a compound
stimulus is more readily conditioned as a CS and thereby interferes with conditioning of
the less salient member
✔✔semantic generalization - ✔✔the generalization of a CR to verbal stimuli that are
similar in meaning to the CS
✔✔sensory preconditioning - ✔✔when one stimulus is conditioned as a CS, another
stimulus with which it was previously associated can also become a CS
✔✔spontaneous recovery - ✔✔the reappearance of a CR to a CS following a rest
period after extinction
✔✔stimulus discrimination - ✔✔tendency for a response to be elicited more by one
stimulus than another
✔✔stimulus generalization - ✔✔the tendency for a CR to occur in the presence of a
stimulus that is similar to CS
✔✔US revaluation - ✔✔a process that involves the post conditioning presentation of the
US at a different level of intensity, thereby altering the strength of a response to the
previously conditioned CS
✔✔avoidance behavior - ✔✔BX that occurs before the aversive stimulus is presented
and thereby prevents its delivery
✔✔contrived reinforcers - ✔✔reinforcers that have been deliberately arranged to modify
a behavior; they are not a typical consequence of the BX in that setting; also called
artificial reinforcers
✔✔discriminative stimulus - ✔✔stimulus in the presence of which response are
reinforced and in the absence of which they are not reinforced; that is, a stimulus that
signals the availability of reinforcement
✔✔discriminative stimulus for extinction - ✔✔a stimulus that signals the absence of
reinforcement
✔✔discriminative stimulus for punishment - ✔✔stimulus that signals a response will be
punished
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔pseudoconditioning - ✔✔an elicited response that appears to be a CR is actually the
result of sensitization rather than conditioning
✔✔fixed action pattern - ✔✔fixed sequence of responses elicited by a specific stimulus;
often species-specific
✔✔reflex arc - ✔✔a neural structure that underlies many simple reflexes and consists of
a sensory neuron, interferon, and motor neuron
✔✔sign stimulus - ✔✔a specific stimulus that elicits a fixed action pattern
✔✔acquisition - ✔✔the process of developing and strengthening a conditioned
response through repeated pairings of an NS with a US
✔✔asymptote - ✔✔maximum amount of conditioning that can take place in a particular
situation
✔✔blocking - ✔✔the phenomenon whereby the presence of an established CS
interferes with conditioning of a new CS
✔✔compound stimulus - ✔✔complex stimulus that consists of the simultaneous
presentation of two or more individual stimuli
✔✔disinhibition - ✔✔the sudden recovery of a conditioned response during an
extinction procedure when a novel stimulus is introduced
✔✔experimental neurosis - ✔✔experimentally produced disorder in which animals
exposed to unpredictable events develop neurotic-like symptoms
✔✔extinction - ✔✔the process whereby a CR can be weakened or eliminated when the
CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of US; also, procedure whereby this
happens is repeated presentation of the CS in the absence of the US
✔✔higher-order conditioning - ✔✔the process whereby an NS that is associated with a
CS also becomes a CS
✔✔latent inhibition - ✔✔phenomenon whereby a familiar stimulus is more difficult to
condition as a CS than a novel stimulus
, ✔✔occasion setting - ✔✔a procedure in which a stimulus (known as occasion setter)
signals whether a CS is likely to be followed by a US and thereby controls whether CS
will elicit CR
✔✔overshadowing - ✔✔phenomenon whereby more salient member of a compound
stimulus is more readily conditioned as a CS and thereby interferes with conditioning of
the less salient member
✔✔semantic generalization - ✔✔the generalization of a CR to verbal stimuli that are
similar in meaning to the CS
✔✔sensory preconditioning - ✔✔when one stimulus is conditioned as a CS, another
stimulus with which it was previously associated can also become a CS
✔✔spontaneous recovery - ✔✔the reappearance of a CR to a CS following a rest
period after extinction
✔✔stimulus discrimination - ✔✔tendency for a response to be elicited more by one
stimulus than another
✔✔stimulus generalization - ✔✔the tendency for a CR to occur in the presence of a
stimulus that is similar to CS
✔✔US revaluation - ✔✔a process that involves the post conditioning presentation of the
US at a different level of intensity, thereby altering the strength of a response to the
previously conditioned CS
✔✔avoidance behavior - ✔✔BX that occurs before the aversive stimulus is presented
and thereby prevents its delivery
✔✔contrived reinforcers - ✔✔reinforcers that have been deliberately arranged to modify
a behavior; they are not a typical consequence of the BX in that setting; also called
artificial reinforcers
✔✔discriminative stimulus - ✔✔stimulus in the presence of which response are
reinforced and in the absence of which they are not reinforced; that is, a stimulus that
signals the availability of reinforcement
✔✔discriminative stimulus for extinction - ✔✔a stimulus that signals the absence of
reinforcement
✔✔discriminative stimulus for punishment - ✔✔stimulus that signals a response will be
punished
