SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔distress vocalizations - ✔✔rapid series whines and yelps occurring at rates that can
exceed 100 per minute in 3-week-old puppies during situations of obvious discomfort.
(ex: when used in puppies, the function is to reunite the neonate and the bitch.)
✔✔Bark Vocalizations - ✔✔associated with greeting, play solicitation, alarm, hunting,
tracking, herding, vocal alerting, defense, threat, care seeking, distress, contact
seeking, and group vocalization
✔✔An animal's _______ ________ _______ only develops its genetically
predetermined functions if exposed to appropriate environmental stimulation, especially
early in life. - ✔✔central nervous system
✔✔A restricted environment early in life results in an animal with abnormal _____
______. The animal may not be able to perceive stimuli to which it was not exposed
during development. - ✔✔sensory perception
✔✔The scientific method is valuable because it:
a) offers answers not biased by cultural, social, or political beliefs.
b) offers an effective method for proving or disproving a hypothesis.
c) provides undisputed facts about the information being studied.
d) provides a standardized set of methods for gathering and discussing information -
✔✔b or d?
✔✔Which of the following describes a functional analysis manipulation?
a) Modification of antecedent events and the consequences for the problem behaviors
b) Direct observation of current problem behaviors and anecdotal observation of
predicted problem behaviors
c) Placement of dog in stressful and non-stressful situations and documentation of the
resulting behavior
d) Placement of dog into a positive emotional state and observation of behavior over
time and in different environments - ✔✔a) Modification of antecedent events and the
consequences for the problem behaviors
✔✔_____ based treatments can be developed to reduce problem behavior and
increase appropriate behavior - ✔✔function
✔✔Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) - ✔✔includes all the different ways to learn
about behavior by testing behavior directly (an analysis) and ways that do not (all other
types of assessment)
, ✔✔Functional Analysis (FA) - ✔✔scientific way of trying it and seeing what happens. It
involves testing how certain changes impact the occurrence of problem behavior.
✔✔Congenital - ✔✔An often-inherited medical condition that occurs at or before birth.
✔✔proximate causes of behavior - ✔✔the immediate day to day environmental factors
or stimuli that influence our responses
- What stimulus causes the behavior?
- What does the dogs body do in response to the stimulus?
✔✔ultimate causes of behavior - ✔✔the evolutionary processes that produced the
animal's capacity and tendency to behave in particular ways
The "bigger picture"
1) What about this behavior helps the animal survive?
2) What is the evolutional history of this behavior?
✔✔Scientific Method Steps - ✔✔1) QUESTION AND A THEORY
a. what explains and organizes different observations and predicts outcomes
2) HYPOTHESIS
a. testable prediction
3) TEST WITH A REPLICABLE EXPERIMENT
a. allows other researchers to replicate the experiment
consistent results w/ various subjects/situations
✔✔experiments - ✔✔Allow investigators to isolate different effects by manipulating an
independent variable and keeping other variables constant.
✔✔simultaneous conditioning - ✔✔a classical conditioning procedure in which the CS
and the US are presented at the same time
- Because there is no interval between the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned
stimulus it makes this type of conditioning ineffective.
✔✔Setting Events - ✔✔The general environmental conditions that provide the context
for and influence negative behavior
- important to acknowledge, determine how they affect clients, in order to find solutions
that improve behavior.
✔✔Stretching the ratio is the procedure used to - ✔✔gradually increase the number of
responses required for the dog to earn reinforcement.
✔✔Protocol for emotional and behavioral modification - ✔✔1. investigate health and
stress
2. create prevention plan
3. condition reinforcers and markers
4. train and proof behaviors