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What are the three historical approaches to health in Canada?
- Correct Answers ✅- medical approach
- behavioural approach
- socio-environmental approach
Describe the medical approach to health (6) - Correct
Answers ✅- western thinking
- focuses on treatment of disease
- must have adequate health-care system
- prevalent after WWII with influx of economic growth
- national health insurance was created
- less emphasis on health promotion & disease prevention
The physicians role in the medical model - Correct Answers
✅The physician was seen as the expert and patients were
expected to comply with his/her advice. The physician
assumes an authoritarian position in relation to the patient.
What type of care results in greater patient involvement? -
Correct Answers ✅Patient-centred care
Describe the behavioural approach to health (5) - Correct
Answers ✅- lots of money was being spent on health care
but health status of population was not improving
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- Lalonde report defined the health determinants as
LIFESTYLE, environment, human biology, and the
organization of health-care.
- lifestyle contributes to chronic disease
- this approach places responsibility of health on the
individual and less on physician
- lifestyle improvements were made primarily by well-
educated, well-employed, and higher income Canadians
Describe the socio-environmental approach (1) - Correct
Answers ✅- health is tied to social structure: poverty, air
pollution, poor water quality and workplace hazards are
barriers to healthy behaviours
Describe the Ottawa Charter (2) - Correct Answers ✅- took
the socio-environmental approach
- places responsibility for health on society rather than on just
individuals
Ottawa Charter's pre-requisites for health (8) - Correct
Answers ✅- peace
- shelter
- education
- food
- income
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- stable ecosystem
- social justice
- equity
Ottawa Charter's five main strategies to promote health -
Correct Answers ✅1) build healthy public policy
2) create supportive environments
3) strengthen community action
4) develop personal skills
5) reorient health services
Describe the Epp Report (1) - Correct Answers ✅-
developed by Jake Epp minister of National Health and
Welfare - wanted health for all
What are the three major challenges identified in the Epp
Report - Correct Answers ✅1) reducing inequalities
2) improving prevention
3) enhancing coping
What are the twelve determinants of health? - Correct
Answers ✅1) income & social status
2) social support networks