Mental Health Final Exam
What is the Recovery Model? correct answers• Mental health care is to be
consumer and family driven, with patients being partners in all aspects of
care.
•Care must focus on increasing consumer success in coping with life's
challenges and building resilience, not just managing symptoms.
• An individualized care plan is to be at the core of consumer-centered
recovery.
In contrast to past hierarchical relationships in health care, the emphasis
today is on the nurse-patient partnership, which is more in line with the
recovery model
What is the Evidence Based Practice Model? correct answerstreatment
approaches rapidly evolved into more scientifically grounded methods, now
known as evidence- based practice. In psychiatry, the evidence-based focus
extends to treatment approaches in which there is scientific evidence for
psychological and sociological modalities, as well as evidence related to the
neurobiology of psychiatric disorders and psychopharmacology.
What is trauma informed care? correct answersTrauma-informed care
recognizes that trauma is almost universally found in the histories of mental
health patients and is a contributor to mental health issues, substance
abuse, chronic health conditions, and contact with the criminal justice
system. Trauma occurs in many forms, including physical, sexual, and
emotional abuse; war; natural disasters; and other harmful experiences.
Trauma-informed care provides guidelines for integrating an understanding
of how trauma affects patients into clinical programming. A main concept of
this approach is a change in paradigm from one that asks "What's wrong
with you?" to one that asks "What has happened to you?" Key principles
also include avoiding retraumatizing through restraints or coercive practices,
an open collaborative relationship between patient and provider,
empowerment, and cultural respect.
Do clinical algorithms exist in mental health? What are some examples in
nursing? correct answersClinical algorithms are step-by-step guidelines
prepared in a flowchart or decision-tree format. Alternative diagnostic and
treatment approaches are described based on decisional points using a
large database relevant for the symptoms, diagnosis, or treatment
modalities. Figure 1-2 depicts a clinical algorithm for the suspicion of suicide
risk.
Basic Concept of Caring correct answersCaring is the most natural and
the most fundamental aspect of human existence.
1.Caring is evidenced by empathic understanding, actions, and patience
on another's behalf.
2.Caring for another through actions, words, and being present leads to
happiness and touches the heart.
3. Caring is giving of self while preserving the importance of self.
,The caring nurse is first and foremost a competent nurse. Without
knowledge and competence, the demonstration of compassion and caring
alone is powerless to help those under our care. Without a base of
knowledge and skills, care alone cannot eliminate another person's
confusion, grief, or pain, but a response of care can transform fear, pain,
and suffering into a tolerable, shared experience
Discuss what is meant by being a patient advocate. correct answersA
patient advocate is one who speaks up for another's cause, who helps others
by defensive actions, especially when the other person lacks knowledge,
skills, ability, or status to speak for himself/herself. Lawyers are often viewed
as advocates for their clients; however, in nursing, being a patient advocate
is not a legal role but rather an ethical one. The nurse must be alert to and
take appropriate action regarding any instances of incompetent, unethical,
illegal, or impaired practices(s) by any member of the health team or the
health care system itself, or any action on the part of others that places the
rights or best interest of the patient in jeopardy.
What is the DSM-5? correct answersThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, edition 5 (DSM-5) is the current official guidebook for
categorizing and diagnosing psychiatric mental health disorders in the US.
The DSM-5 provides clinicians, researchers, regulatory agencies, health
insurance companies, pharmacological companies, and policy makers with
a standard language and criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
The DSM-5 is used by psychiatrists, psychiatric nurse practitioners, and
other clinicians as a guide for assessing, diagnosing, and planning care.
The DSM-5 lists specific diagnostic criteria for each mental disorder, which
were developed using research and clinical observation.
What is the axis system and what is the rationale for it being discontinued?
correct answersThe Axis system was a way to justify patient care. It is no
longer used because it is viewed as "labeling patients."
Attributes of Mental Health correct answers-rational thinking
-effective coping
-resiliency
-self-control
-self-awareness
-developmentally on task
-spiritual satisfaction
-happiness and joy
-self-care
-positive self-concept
learning and
productivity
-effective
communication
-meaningful
relationships
View figure 2-1
,Continuum of Mental Health and Mental Illness correct answersInfluences
appropriateness and delivery of the nursing care; determines intensity and
severity of the condition or disorder
FIRST STEP: Identity intensity/severity of illness influence planning
delivery of care (OREM)
Table 2-1
Mental Health Parity Act correct answersThis legislation required insurers to
offer mental health benefits at the same level provided for medical
coverage. In 2000 the Government Accounting Office found that although
86% of health plans complied with the 1996 law, they also imposed limits
on mental health coverage. One method many states use to continue to
limit coverage is by making a distinction of whether the problem is a
biologically based mental illness, also called a psychobiological disorder
(caused by neurotransmitter dysfunction, abnormal brain structure, or
genetic factors). These biologically influenced illnesses include the
following:
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder
• Major depression
• Obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders
• Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Autism
• Anorexia nervosa
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Factors Affecting Mental Health correct answers-biological
-hormones
-genetics
-spirituality
-religion
-culture
-regional differences
-family
-friends
-community
-personality traits
-health practices and beliefs
-environmental experiences
-negative influences
-psychosocial stressors
-poverty
-impaired parenting
Discuss some dynamic factors that contribute to making a clear-cut
definition of mental health elusive. correct answers-mental illness is plagued
by myths and misconceptions.
, -no consistent line exists between mental illnesses and mental health
-psychiatry's definition of mental health changes and reflects: changes in
cultural norms and society's expectations, values and professional biases,
individual differences and political climate, psychology of women, issues of
homosexuality
All people in mental health: correct answers-have different backgrounds,
cultures
-grow intellectually and emotionally at different rates
-make different decisions at different times
-choose or choose not to evaluate their behaviors
-grow within themselves
-have or do not have special beliefs
understandably, then, no one definition of mental health exists that fits all
Identify the processes leading up to stigmatization of an individual or
group, and some of the effects stigma can have on medical and
psychological well being. correct answersStigmatizing attitudes toward the
mentally ill can have harmful effects on an individual and family and result
in social isolation and reduced opportunities. For example, stigmatizing
interferes with the person's ability to establish and maintain friendships,
employment, and housing. It also impacts the person's ability to obtain
psychological and general medical treatment, known as health care
disparity.
Stigmatizing results in feelings of shame and a negative sense of self,
which can directly impact recovery
What is a stigma? correct answersStigma has been acknowledged as a major
barrier to mental health treatment and recovery. Stigma is defined as a
collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, and thoughts that influence public
perception of the mentally ill.
Stigma contributes to fear, rejection, and discrimination against the
mentally ill that taint and discount the individual. Stereotyping, labeling, and
separating can occur on an individual or institutional level, resulting in an
imbalance of power.
What is the difference between DSM-5 diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis?
correct answersThe DSM-5 is used to diagnose a psychiatric disorder. The
NANDA-I describes a nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgement about
responses to health problems.
Psychiatric mental health nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment
responses to mental health problems.
What are some psycho-social mental health nursing
diagnosis? correct answersDisturbed Personal Identity
Hopelessness
Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Situational Low Self-
Esteem
Risk for Situational Low Self-
Esteem Social Isolation
Caregiver role strain
Risk for caregiver Role Strain
What is the Recovery Model? correct answers• Mental health care is to be
consumer and family driven, with patients being partners in all aspects of
care.
•Care must focus on increasing consumer success in coping with life's
challenges and building resilience, not just managing symptoms.
• An individualized care plan is to be at the core of consumer-centered
recovery.
In contrast to past hierarchical relationships in health care, the emphasis
today is on the nurse-patient partnership, which is more in line with the
recovery model
What is the Evidence Based Practice Model? correct answerstreatment
approaches rapidly evolved into more scientifically grounded methods, now
known as evidence- based practice. In psychiatry, the evidence-based focus
extends to treatment approaches in which there is scientific evidence for
psychological and sociological modalities, as well as evidence related to the
neurobiology of psychiatric disorders and psychopharmacology.
What is trauma informed care? correct answersTrauma-informed care
recognizes that trauma is almost universally found in the histories of mental
health patients and is a contributor to mental health issues, substance
abuse, chronic health conditions, and contact with the criminal justice
system. Trauma occurs in many forms, including physical, sexual, and
emotional abuse; war; natural disasters; and other harmful experiences.
Trauma-informed care provides guidelines for integrating an understanding
of how trauma affects patients into clinical programming. A main concept of
this approach is a change in paradigm from one that asks "What's wrong
with you?" to one that asks "What has happened to you?" Key principles
also include avoiding retraumatizing through restraints or coercive practices,
an open collaborative relationship between patient and provider,
empowerment, and cultural respect.
Do clinical algorithms exist in mental health? What are some examples in
nursing? correct answersClinical algorithms are step-by-step guidelines
prepared in a flowchart or decision-tree format. Alternative diagnostic and
treatment approaches are described based on decisional points using a
large database relevant for the symptoms, diagnosis, or treatment
modalities. Figure 1-2 depicts a clinical algorithm for the suspicion of suicide
risk.
Basic Concept of Caring correct answersCaring is the most natural and
the most fundamental aspect of human existence.
1.Caring is evidenced by empathic understanding, actions, and patience
on another's behalf.
2.Caring for another through actions, words, and being present leads to
happiness and touches the heart.
3. Caring is giving of self while preserving the importance of self.
,The caring nurse is first and foremost a competent nurse. Without
knowledge and competence, the demonstration of compassion and caring
alone is powerless to help those under our care. Without a base of
knowledge and skills, care alone cannot eliminate another person's
confusion, grief, or pain, but a response of care can transform fear, pain,
and suffering into a tolerable, shared experience
Discuss what is meant by being a patient advocate. correct answersA
patient advocate is one who speaks up for another's cause, who helps others
by defensive actions, especially when the other person lacks knowledge,
skills, ability, or status to speak for himself/herself. Lawyers are often viewed
as advocates for their clients; however, in nursing, being a patient advocate
is not a legal role but rather an ethical one. The nurse must be alert to and
take appropriate action regarding any instances of incompetent, unethical,
illegal, or impaired practices(s) by any member of the health team or the
health care system itself, or any action on the part of others that places the
rights or best interest of the patient in jeopardy.
What is the DSM-5? correct answersThe Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders, edition 5 (DSM-5) is the current official guidebook for
categorizing and diagnosing psychiatric mental health disorders in the US.
The DSM-5 provides clinicians, researchers, regulatory agencies, health
insurance companies, pharmacological companies, and policy makers with
a standard language and criteria for the classification of mental disorders.
The DSM-5 is used by psychiatrists, psychiatric nurse practitioners, and
other clinicians as a guide for assessing, diagnosing, and planning care.
The DSM-5 lists specific diagnostic criteria for each mental disorder, which
were developed using research and clinical observation.
What is the axis system and what is the rationale for it being discontinued?
correct answersThe Axis system was a way to justify patient care. It is no
longer used because it is viewed as "labeling patients."
Attributes of Mental Health correct answers-rational thinking
-effective coping
-resiliency
-self-control
-self-awareness
-developmentally on task
-spiritual satisfaction
-happiness and joy
-self-care
-positive self-concept
learning and
productivity
-effective
communication
-meaningful
relationships
View figure 2-1
,Continuum of Mental Health and Mental Illness correct answersInfluences
appropriateness and delivery of the nursing care; determines intensity and
severity of the condition or disorder
FIRST STEP: Identity intensity/severity of illness influence planning
delivery of care (OREM)
Table 2-1
Mental Health Parity Act correct answersThis legislation required insurers to
offer mental health benefits at the same level provided for medical
coverage. In 2000 the Government Accounting Office found that although
86% of health plans complied with the 1996 law, they also imposed limits
on mental health coverage. One method many states use to continue to
limit coverage is by making a distinction of whether the problem is a
biologically based mental illness, also called a psychobiological disorder
(caused by neurotransmitter dysfunction, abnormal brain structure, or
genetic factors). These biologically influenced illnesses include the
following:
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder
• Major depression
• Obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders
• Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Autism
• Anorexia nervosa
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Factors Affecting Mental Health correct answers-biological
-hormones
-genetics
-spirituality
-religion
-culture
-regional differences
-family
-friends
-community
-personality traits
-health practices and beliefs
-environmental experiences
-negative influences
-psychosocial stressors
-poverty
-impaired parenting
Discuss some dynamic factors that contribute to making a clear-cut
definition of mental health elusive. correct answers-mental illness is plagued
by myths and misconceptions.
, -no consistent line exists between mental illnesses and mental health
-psychiatry's definition of mental health changes and reflects: changes in
cultural norms and society's expectations, values and professional biases,
individual differences and political climate, psychology of women, issues of
homosexuality
All people in mental health: correct answers-have different backgrounds,
cultures
-grow intellectually and emotionally at different rates
-make different decisions at different times
-choose or choose not to evaluate their behaviors
-grow within themselves
-have or do not have special beliefs
understandably, then, no one definition of mental health exists that fits all
Identify the processes leading up to stigmatization of an individual or
group, and some of the effects stigma can have on medical and
psychological well being. correct answersStigmatizing attitudes toward the
mentally ill can have harmful effects on an individual and family and result
in social isolation and reduced opportunities. For example, stigmatizing
interferes with the person's ability to establish and maintain friendships,
employment, and housing. It also impacts the person's ability to obtain
psychological and general medical treatment, known as health care
disparity.
Stigmatizing results in feelings of shame and a negative sense of self,
which can directly impact recovery
What is a stigma? correct answersStigma has been acknowledged as a major
barrier to mental health treatment and recovery. Stigma is defined as a
collection of negative attitudes, beliefs, and thoughts that influence public
perception of the mentally ill.
Stigma contributes to fear, rejection, and discrimination against the
mentally ill that taint and discount the individual. Stereotyping, labeling, and
separating can occur on an individual or institutional level, resulting in an
imbalance of power.
What is the difference between DSM-5 diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis?
correct answersThe DSM-5 is used to diagnose a psychiatric disorder. The
NANDA-I describes a nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgement about
responses to health problems.
Psychiatric mental health nursing includes the diagnosis and treatment
responses to mental health problems.
What are some psycho-social mental health nursing
diagnosis? correct answersDisturbed Personal Identity
Hopelessness
Chronic Low Self-Esteem
Situational Low Self-
Esteem
Risk for Situational Low Self-
Esteem Social Isolation
Caregiver role strain
Risk for caregiver Role Strain
