NTR 604 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Carnitine is a compound found in nearly every cell of the body and is involved in the
production of energy. There is no DRI for carnitine. From this we can conclude that
carnitine:
A. Is not essential for life.
B. Is not known to be toxic.
C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
D. B and C
E. All of the above - Answer-C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
Maddie has consumed almost no Vitamin C for her entire life yet she is 7 years old and
very healthy. Hillary died of scurvy at the age of 7 after 3 months of consuming almost
no Vitamin C. Which of the following is an explanation for this?
A. Maddie's needs are just a lot less than other people's needs.
B. Hillary's needs are just a lot more than other people's needs.
C. A and B
D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is a dog - Answer-D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is
a dog
________ include water.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - Answer-A. Macronutrients
____________ are required in mg and mcg amounts.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - Answer-B. Micronutrients
Only small amounts of food are necessary to get adequate amounts of these in the diet.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - Answer-D. Neither A nor B
The original DRIs did not have recommendations for carbohydrates and fat because:
A. Concerns regarding these nutrients did not develop until heart disease became the
most common cause of death.
B. There was not enough known about them at the time to establish a recommendation.
,C. When the DRIs were being developed the primary dietary concerns centered on
micronutrient deficiency diseases.
D. A and C
E. All of the above - Answer-D. A and C
Monica has an app on her phone that tracks her nutrient intake. Over the last few weeks
she's been averaging 150g of carbohydrates a day. Her friend George says "You really
need ore carbs! The DRI is 300g and your intake is only half that. Which of the following
statements concerning George's recommendation is/are correct?
A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know what her total calorie intake is
before she could determine if her intake is too low (or too high).
B. George is right. The DRI is 300g and Monica's intake is marginal so she should be
consuming more carbs., - Answer-A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know
what her total calorie intake is before she could determine if her intake is too low (or too
high).
T/F: The DRIs for the vitamins minerals, protein, and fiber represent the average need
within each age and sex group. In other words, if your intake equals the DRI there is a
50% probability that your true need is being met - Answer-False
In a section of a book on phytonutrients the author says, "If these substances had been
discovered back in the 1920s along with nutrients like Vitamin C, we'd be calling them
vitamins today." Which of the following statements concerning that quote is/are
CORRECT?
A. The author is correct -- given what we now know about their functions in the body we
would have been calling phytonutrients "vitamins" today had they been discovered early
on.
B. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the
diet does not result in a specific set of symptoms unique to each compound.
C. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the
diet appears to affect the risk for diseases that were not that prevalent in the 1920s.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - Answer-D. B and C
Millie feels a cold coming on so she reaches for her bottle of Vitamin C pills and takes
4g of it. Her friend Amanda points out that the DRI for women is 75mg and the UL is
2000mg. "I know I'm taking a lot " Millie says, "but since it's natural it's a whole lot safer
than any of those drugs that you take." Which of the following responses should
Amanda make?
A. "You're right. It can't hurt to at least give it a try. The worst that happens is that you
flush it all down the toilet in your pee."
B. "Actually, your intake is above the UL, meaning that it's very likely to have toxic
effects."
C. "Your intake is above the UL so there's no guarantee that it won't have any harmful
effects."
,D. "Your intake is well above what you could be getting from food alone. So any effects
you may get from it are, in essence, drug, not natural effects."
E. C and D, - Answer-E. C and D
Michael's mother gave him several bottles of One-A-Day multivitamins when he went off
to college in the fall because she knew he wouldn't be eating many fruits and
vegetables if she wasn't around. During winter break he admitted that he was only
taking them every few days when he remembered to take them at all. Which of the
following would be a correct response for his mother to make?
A. "That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you don't need
to get Vitamin C every day."
B. "They're called One-A-Day because you really do need to get as close to 100% of
what's recommended every day. So please try harder to remember to take them.", -
Answer-A. "That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you
don't need to get Vitamin C every day."
The cable channel TLC had a show called "Picky Eaters" that presented people with
unusual eating patterns. Imagine a person named Mark on that show who eats the
exact same thing from each of the 5 food groups (dairy meat/alternate, fruit, vegetable,
grain) every day. Now imagine that the narrator says, "Well, even though Mark eats only
5 things, at least they represent each group so he doesn't have to worry about not
getting enough of the essential nutrients." This statement is:
A. True. Variety within groups is not really that important as long as there is variety
across groups.
B. False. Not all foods within a group are equally good contributors to individual nutrient
intake so variety within a group is important as well., - Answer-B. False. Not all foods
within a group are equally good contributors to individual nutrient intake so variety within
a group is important as well.
A web site discussing sugar substitutes says "zero calories means zero energy." This is:
A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the macronutrients that provide
energy.
B. False. Vitamins can also give us energy even though they do not contain any
calories., - Answer-A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the
macronutrients that provide energy.
Food Processing: Likely to be lost
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - Answer-E. All of the above
Food Processing: Likely to be destroyed
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
, C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - Answer-A. Vitamins
Whys isn't the relationship between calcium intake and osteoporosis an example of a
nutrient and its deficiency disease?
A. Because there are many causes of osteoporosis besides just calcium intake.
B. Because there is not guarantee that a deficient intake of calcium will cause
osteoporosis.
C. Because once osteoporosis develops providing calcium does not cure it.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - Answer-E. All of the above
T/F: The field of nutrition science has progressed dramatically in recent years that we
now can determine with a large degree of certainty the precise relationships between
nutrient intake and chronic disease risk, similar to our earlier ability to determine the
relationships between nutrient intake and deficiency disease, as reflected in the size
and number of books associated with the DRIs., - Answer-False
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the MyPlate graphic?
A. It encourages increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.
B. As compared to the predecessor MyPyramid, it is grounded in "reality" -- a plate --
rather than an abstract image.
C. It encourages people to sit down to a meal.
D. All of the above are characteristics, - Answer-D. All of the above are characteristics
Bias in the reporting or recording of dietary intake can include the following:
A. Forgetting to write down an apple that was eaten as a snack.
B. Deciding not to write down the candy bar that was eaten as a snack.
C. Deciding to eat an apple as a snack instead of the candy bar that is usually eaten for
a snack.
D. B and C
E. All of the above - Answer-D. B and C
Which of the following is a limitation of the MyPlate graphic?
A. There are no messages regarding the specific types of foods that should be eaten
within each group.
B. It confuses a nutrient with a food group.
C. It implies that every meal should have every group.
D. A and C
E. All of the above are limitations. - Answer-E. All of the above are limitations.
T/F: Because Americans' access to food has expanded dramatically in recent years
concern about marginal levels of intake of most of the micronutrients has disappeared,
now the primary public health concern is that we are getting too much of them - Answer-
False
ANSWERS
Carnitine is a compound found in nearly every cell of the body and is involved in the
production of energy. There is no DRI for carnitine. From this we can conclude that
carnitine:
A. Is not essential for life.
B. Is not known to be toxic.
C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
D. B and C
E. All of the above - Answer-C. Can be made in sufficient quantities in the body.
Maddie has consumed almost no Vitamin C for her entire life yet she is 7 years old and
very healthy. Hillary died of scurvy at the age of 7 after 3 months of consuming almost
no Vitamin C. Which of the following is an explanation for this?
A. Maddie's needs are just a lot less than other people's needs.
B. Hillary's needs are just a lot more than other people's needs.
C. A and B
D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is a dog - Answer-D. Hillary is a human and Maddie is
a dog
________ include water.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - Answer-A. Macronutrients
____________ are required in mg and mcg amounts.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - Answer-B. Micronutrients
Only small amounts of food are necessary to get adequate amounts of these in the diet.
A. Macronutrients
B. Micronutrients
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B - Answer-D. Neither A nor B
The original DRIs did not have recommendations for carbohydrates and fat because:
A. Concerns regarding these nutrients did not develop until heart disease became the
most common cause of death.
B. There was not enough known about them at the time to establish a recommendation.
,C. When the DRIs were being developed the primary dietary concerns centered on
micronutrient deficiency diseases.
D. A and C
E. All of the above - Answer-D. A and C
Monica has an app on her phone that tracks her nutrient intake. Over the last few weeks
she's been averaging 150g of carbohydrates a day. Her friend George says "You really
need ore carbs! The DRI is 300g and your intake is only half that. Which of the following
statements concerning George's recommendation is/are correct?
A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know what her total calorie intake is
before she could determine if her intake is too low (or too high).
B. George is right. The DRI is 300g and Monica's intake is marginal so she should be
consuming more carbs., - Answer-A. George is wrong. Monica would first need to know
what her total calorie intake is before she could determine if her intake is too low (or too
high).
T/F: The DRIs for the vitamins minerals, protein, and fiber represent the average need
within each age and sex group. In other words, if your intake equals the DRI there is a
50% probability that your true need is being met - Answer-False
In a section of a book on phytonutrients the author says, "If these substances had been
discovered back in the 1920s along with nutrients like Vitamin C, we'd be calling them
vitamins today." Which of the following statements concerning that quote is/are
CORRECT?
A. The author is correct -- given what we now know about their functions in the body we
would have been calling phytonutrients "vitamins" today had they been discovered early
on.
B. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the
diet does not result in a specific set of symptoms unique to each compound.
C. The phytonutrients likely weren't discovered earlier on because their absence in the
diet appears to affect the risk for diseases that were not that prevalent in the 1920s.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - Answer-D. B and C
Millie feels a cold coming on so she reaches for her bottle of Vitamin C pills and takes
4g of it. Her friend Amanda points out that the DRI for women is 75mg and the UL is
2000mg. "I know I'm taking a lot " Millie says, "but since it's natural it's a whole lot safer
than any of those drugs that you take." Which of the following responses should
Amanda make?
A. "You're right. It can't hurt to at least give it a try. The worst that happens is that you
flush it all down the toilet in your pee."
B. "Actually, your intake is above the UL, meaning that it's very likely to have toxic
effects."
C. "Your intake is above the UL so there's no guarantee that it won't have any harmful
effects."
,D. "Your intake is well above what you could be getting from food alone. So any effects
you may get from it are, in essence, drug, not natural effects."
E. C and D, - Answer-E. C and D
Michael's mother gave him several bottles of One-A-Day multivitamins when he went off
to college in the fall because she knew he wouldn't be eating many fruits and
vegetables if she wasn't around. During winter break he admitted that he was only
taking them every few days when he remembered to take them at all. Which of the
following would be a correct response for his mother to make?
A. "That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you don't need
to get Vitamin C every day."
B. "They're called One-A-Day because you really do need to get as close to 100% of
what's recommended every day. So please try harder to remember to take them.", -
Answer-A. "That's OK. The DRIs are really based on average intake over time -- you
don't need to get Vitamin C every day."
The cable channel TLC had a show called "Picky Eaters" that presented people with
unusual eating patterns. Imagine a person named Mark on that show who eats the
exact same thing from each of the 5 food groups (dairy meat/alternate, fruit, vegetable,
grain) every day. Now imagine that the narrator says, "Well, even though Mark eats only
5 things, at least they represent each group so he doesn't have to worry about not
getting enough of the essential nutrients." This statement is:
A. True. Variety within groups is not really that important as long as there is variety
across groups.
B. False. Not all foods within a group are equally good contributors to individual nutrient
intake so variety within a group is important as well., - Answer-B. False. Not all foods
within a group are equally good contributors to individual nutrient intake so variety within
a group is important as well.
A web site discussing sugar substitutes says "zero calories means zero energy." This is:
A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the macronutrients that provide
energy.
B. False. Vitamins can also give us energy even though they do not contain any
calories., - Answer-A. True. If there are no calories then it contains none of the
macronutrients that provide energy.
Food Processing: Likely to be lost
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - Answer-E. All of the above
Food Processing: Likely to be destroyed
A. Vitamins
B. Minerals
, C. Fiber
D. A and B
E. All of the above - Answer-A. Vitamins
Whys isn't the relationship between calcium intake and osteoporosis an example of a
nutrient and its deficiency disease?
A. Because there are many causes of osteoporosis besides just calcium intake.
B. Because there is not guarantee that a deficient intake of calcium will cause
osteoporosis.
C. Because once osteoporosis develops providing calcium does not cure it.
D. B and C
E. All of the above, - Answer-E. All of the above
T/F: The field of nutrition science has progressed dramatically in recent years that we
now can determine with a large degree of certainty the precise relationships between
nutrient intake and chronic disease risk, similar to our earlier ability to determine the
relationships between nutrient intake and deficiency disease, as reflected in the size
and number of books associated with the DRIs., - Answer-False
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the MyPlate graphic?
A. It encourages increased consumption of fruits and vegetables.
B. As compared to the predecessor MyPyramid, it is grounded in "reality" -- a plate --
rather than an abstract image.
C. It encourages people to sit down to a meal.
D. All of the above are characteristics, - Answer-D. All of the above are characteristics
Bias in the reporting or recording of dietary intake can include the following:
A. Forgetting to write down an apple that was eaten as a snack.
B. Deciding not to write down the candy bar that was eaten as a snack.
C. Deciding to eat an apple as a snack instead of the candy bar that is usually eaten for
a snack.
D. B and C
E. All of the above - Answer-D. B and C
Which of the following is a limitation of the MyPlate graphic?
A. There are no messages regarding the specific types of foods that should be eaten
within each group.
B. It confuses a nutrient with a food group.
C. It implies that every meal should have every group.
D. A and C
E. All of the above are limitations. - Answer-E. All of the above are limitations.
T/F: Because Americans' access to food has expanded dramatically in recent years
concern about marginal levels of intake of most of the micronutrients has disappeared,
now the primary public health concern is that we are getting too much of them - Answer-
False
