Neurodiagnostic Questions & Answers

Neurodiagnostic Questions & Answers Movement Primary function of frontal lobe chest Most appropriate description of "thoracic" Neck Most appropriate description of "cervical" Auditory Primary function of the temporal lobe Proximal The wrist is _________ to the hand Vision The occipital lobe is responsible for? Superior The brain is _________ to the spinal cord Sensation The primary function of the parietal lobe ACNS A physician wanting to attend a conference focusing on neurophysiology would most likely attend a meeting of the ____________. AAET If you want to know the eligibility requirements for the nerve conduction boards you would contact __________. CAAHEP To determine if a specific allied health program is accredited you would visit the __________ website and select the specific profession for a list of accredited programs ASET If you are interested in learning more information about attending continuing education seminars in Neurodiagnostic Technology you would contact ___________. ABRET Your administrator would like for you to seek lab accreditation for your hospital's NIOM services. You would contact this organization for the application and information. Electrode Impedance Measured after electrodes are applied Artifact Recorded during an EEG but originates from a source outside the brain Electrode Resistance Measured when the electrode is off of the scalp Comatose Subdermal electrodes are used primarily in what type of patient Infection Risks associated with subdermal electrodes include: Silver-Silver Chloride Which metal type is best when using DC recordings Ease of use, Easy to Clean, Fewer Artifacts Gold plated electrodes are used most frequently due to: Collodion does not melt off, collodion provides a stronger hold with LTM's and difficult patients Two advantages of using collodion when applying electrodes: Easier on the skin, less fumes than collodion, easier to apply Three advantages of paste application Highly flammable, Release toxic fumes in the air Two disadvantages of collodion Paste can melt off over time and not hold as long, If the patient moves a lot paste may not be able to provide a strong enough hold Two disadvantages of using paste for applying electrodes Electrode impedance Opposition to AC current flow 60 Hz artifact Electrical activity in the recording which does not originate in the cortex, and has the frequency of 60 Hz. Often times is the interference of electrical beds, monitors, TVs, etc. Bring out an abnormality, Enhance an abnormality, Produce a specific response to a stimulus Activation procedures are performed in order to: Photic Driving Response A normal response seen during photic stimulation and is typically seen at the flash frequency closest to that of the patient's occipital background Hypocapnia Decreased Carbon Dioxide Papilledema Sign of increased pressure within the brain Photoparoxysmal Response Typically consists of high-amplitude generalized irregular spike-wave or polyspike-wave bursts, either with bianterior or biposterior dominance. The most effective frequency is 15 to 20 Hz and the incidence is highest between ages 6 and 15 and decreases with age. Reflex epilepsy When seizures can be evoked using a specific stimulus. Photo-myogenic This response is described as muscle time locked with the flash frequency and ceases with the flash. Hypoventilation Decrease in respiratory rate causing an increase in carbon dioxide. Eye opening & eye closure The expected response to this activation procedure causes alpha to attenuate and then accentuate. Interictal Epileptiform Discharges Sleep is the best activator for patients who present with: Patient is over the age of 60 Is NOT considered a constraindication to HV? Stage 1/2 (N1/N2), Stage 3/4 (N3) When using sleep as an activation procedure, which stage of sleeps yields the most abnormalities? Chloral Hydrates If sedation is required to help the patient sleep, most EEG laboratories prefer ____________ because the medication is relatively safe, does not increase beta activity, and does not attenuate IED's. Hyperventilation The best activation procedure for bringing out an absence seizure Needle electrodes Which electrodes are not supported by the guidelines for use in routine EEG recording? 7 uv/mm The most appropriate recording sensitivity for routine EEG 3 ACNS guidelines require that you use a minimum of _____ montages for routine EEG recordings 70 uv/mm The most appropriate recording sensitivity for the EKG monitor 20 Minutes EEG recordings should be performed for a minimum of: At the Start of the recording When should calibration be performed during routine EEG recording? Circumferential Which montage is NOT a requirement for routine EEG recording? HF 70 Hz, LF 1 Hz, 60 Hz off Best recording parameters for routine EEG T7/T8 Electrodes T3/T4 are the same as: Less than 5,000 ohms, greater than 100 ohms and within 2,000 ohms of each other Best electrode impedances for routine EEG recording based on best practices Phase Reversal Electrode with the maximum voltage in a bipolar montage Bipolar Montages Useful in defining the location of maximum potential CZ Electrode Not a good choice for a reference electrode due to sleep activity occurring at this location Longitudinal Example of bipolar montage (12 letters)