NUR 380 FUNDAMENTALS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Roles and relationships - ✔✔Relationships between sender and receiver affect the
communication process. For instance, a nurse who meets w/ client for the first time
communicates differently from the nurse who has previously developed a relationship
with that client.
✔✔Environment - ✔✔People communicate most effectively in a comfortable
environment. Temperature extremes, excessive noise, poorly ventilated environment,
and lack of privacy can all interfere w/ communication.
✔✔Congruence: - ✔✔Verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message match. For ex:
when teaching a client how to care for a colostomy, nurse might say, "You wont have
any problem w/ this." However, if the nurse looks worried or disgusted while saying this,
the client is less likely to trust the nurse's words.
✔✔Interpersonal Attitudes: - ✔✔Convey beliefs, thoughts, and feelings about people
and events. Attitudes such as caring, warmth, respect and acceptance facilitate
communication, whereas condescension, lack of interest, and coldness inhibit
communication.
✔✔Elderspeak - ✔✔a speech style similar to baby talk that gives the message of
dependence and incompetence
-Seen as patronizing by older adults
-does not communicate respect
Characteristic/examples:
-"honey"
-"grandma"
-"Are we ready for our bath?"
-"You want to wear this dress, dont you?"
✔✔Acceptance - ✔✔Emphasizes neither approval nor disapproval
-Nurse willingly receives the client's honest feelings
-Allows pts to express personal feelings and be themselves
-Nurse may need to restrict acceptance in situations where pts' behaviors are harmful to
themselves or to others
-Helping the pt to find appropriate behaviors for their feelings is part of pt teaching
✔✔Therapeutic communication - ✔✔Facilitate communication and focuses on the pt's
concerns
-Assists in focusing and coping with feelings
, -strong emotions are often draining, pts may need time to deal w/their feelings before
dealing w/ other matters such as learning new skills or planning for the future
-some need time to themselves
-others need someone to listen
-others need assitance making decisions about future courses of action
all promote understanding and can help establish a constructive relationship between
the nurse and the client
✔✔Communication process includes: - ✔✔1) sender
2) message
3) receiver
4) response/feedback
✔✔Therapeutic Communication Techniques - ✔✔- Using silence
-Providing general leads
- Being specific and tentative
-Using open ended questions
-Using touch
-Restating or paraphrasing
-Seeking clarification
-Perception checking or seeking consensual validation
-Offering self
-Giving information
-Acknowledging
-Clarifying time or sequence
-Presenting reality
-Focusing
-Reflecting
-Summarizing and planning
✔✔providing general leads - ✔✔using statements or questions that encourage the client
to verbalize, choose a topic of conversation, and facilitate continued verbalization
-Can you tell me how it is for you?
-Perhaps you would like to talk about...?
-Would it help to discuss your feelings?
-Where would you like to begin?
-And then what?
✔✔Being specific and tentative - ✔✔making statements that are specific rather than
general, and tentative rather than absolute
-Rate your pain on a scale of 0-10
-Are you in pain? (general statement)
-You seem unconcerned about your diabetes (tentative statement)
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Roles and relationships - ✔✔Relationships between sender and receiver affect the
communication process. For instance, a nurse who meets w/ client for the first time
communicates differently from the nurse who has previously developed a relationship
with that client.
✔✔Environment - ✔✔People communicate most effectively in a comfortable
environment. Temperature extremes, excessive noise, poorly ventilated environment,
and lack of privacy can all interfere w/ communication.
✔✔Congruence: - ✔✔Verbal and nonverbal aspects of the message match. For ex:
when teaching a client how to care for a colostomy, nurse might say, "You wont have
any problem w/ this." However, if the nurse looks worried or disgusted while saying this,
the client is less likely to trust the nurse's words.
✔✔Interpersonal Attitudes: - ✔✔Convey beliefs, thoughts, and feelings about people
and events. Attitudes such as caring, warmth, respect and acceptance facilitate
communication, whereas condescension, lack of interest, and coldness inhibit
communication.
✔✔Elderspeak - ✔✔a speech style similar to baby talk that gives the message of
dependence and incompetence
-Seen as patronizing by older adults
-does not communicate respect
Characteristic/examples:
-"honey"
-"grandma"
-"Are we ready for our bath?"
-"You want to wear this dress, dont you?"
✔✔Acceptance - ✔✔Emphasizes neither approval nor disapproval
-Nurse willingly receives the client's honest feelings
-Allows pts to express personal feelings and be themselves
-Nurse may need to restrict acceptance in situations where pts' behaviors are harmful to
themselves or to others
-Helping the pt to find appropriate behaviors for their feelings is part of pt teaching
✔✔Therapeutic communication - ✔✔Facilitate communication and focuses on the pt's
concerns
-Assists in focusing and coping with feelings
, -strong emotions are often draining, pts may need time to deal w/their feelings before
dealing w/ other matters such as learning new skills or planning for the future
-some need time to themselves
-others need someone to listen
-others need assitance making decisions about future courses of action
all promote understanding and can help establish a constructive relationship between
the nurse and the client
✔✔Communication process includes: - ✔✔1) sender
2) message
3) receiver
4) response/feedback
✔✔Therapeutic Communication Techniques - ✔✔- Using silence
-Providing general leads
- Being specific and tentative
-Using open ended questions
-Using touch
-Restating or paraphrasing
-Seeking clarification
-Perception checking or seeking consensual validation
-Offering self
-Giving information
-Acknowledging
-Clarifying time or sequence
-Presenting reality
-Focusing
-Reflecting
-Summarizing and planning
✔✔providing general leads - ✔✔using statements or questions that encourage the client
to verbalize, choose a topic of conversation, and facilitate continued verbalization
-Can you tell me how it is for you?
-Perhaps you would like to talk about...?
-Would it help to discuss your feelings?
-Where would you like to begin?
-And then what?
✔✔Being specific and tentative - ✔✔making statements that are specific rather than
general, and tentative rather than absolute
-Rate your pain on a scale of 0-10
-Are you in pain? (general statement)
-You seem unconcerned about your diabetes (tentative statement)
