MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS FINAL
(EXAM + QUIZ MC) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
c (primer annealing and extension) - ANSWER-*Fluorescence is detectable at which
stage of the real-time PCR process?*
a. Template denaturation
b. Cycle 1
c. Primer annealing and extension
d. Prior to amplification
c (3) - ANSWER-*A circular molecule has two sites for the restriction enzyme PstI
and one site for the enzyme BamH1. How many fragments will result when digested
with both enzymes?*
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
b (the distance b/w restriction enzyme recognition sites) - ANSWER-*What is learned
from the size of restriction fragments as determined by migration speed in gel
electrophoresis?*
a. The specificity of the restriction enzyme
b. The distance between restriction enzyme recognition sites
c. The rate of digestion of the enzyme
d. The number of restriction sites in the DNA
b (measure gene expression) - ANSWER-*A northern blot allows you to do which of
the following?*
a. Analyze a specific region of DNA in a complex background
b. Measure gene expression
c. Investigate DNA binding proteins
d. Determine antigen/antibody interactions
b (probes) - ANSWER-*Which of the following bind(s) specifically to a sequence of
interest, thus facilitating the analysis of that sequence?*
a. Restriction enzymes
b. Probes
c. Hybridomas
d. Digoxigenin
b (half of the double stranded DNA is single stranded) - ANSWER-*The melting
temperature of nucleic acid is the temperature when:*
a. All of the double-stranded DNA is single-stranded
b. Half of the double-stranded DNA is single-stranded
c. A quarter of the double-stranded DNA is single-stranded
,d. All of the single-stranded DNA is double-stranded
d (antigen/antibody recognition) - ANSWER-*The specificity of western blots
depends on what interaction?*
a. DNA/RNA complementarity
b. RNA/RNA complementarity
c. DNA antigens
d. Antigen/antibody recognition
d (polyacrylamide) - ANSWER-*Which of the following molecules polymerize to form
a support medium through which nucleic acids move?*
a. Ethidium bromide
b. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
c. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
d. Polyacrylamide
c (2.0%) - ANSWER-*What concentration of agarose should be used for optimal
separation of DNA fragments of 100, 250, and 350 bp in length?*
a. 0.5%
b. 0.7%
c. 2.0%
d. 12.0%
a (red) - ANSWER-*The positive pole in electrophoresis is indicated by which color?*
a. Red
b. Black
c. Green
d. White
a (capillary electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*A very limited amount of nucleic acid, 500-
1500 bp in size, is to be analyzed in a short time (same day) with the results
available immediately. Which of the following electrophoresis procedures will satisfy
those conditions?*
a. Capillary electrophoresis
b. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
c. Field inversion gel electrophoresis
d. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
b (pulse field electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*A molecular biologist is to separate and
analyze a mixture of nucleic acids that are about 100,000 bp in size. Which of the
following methods will yield the best results?*
a. Capillary electrophoresis
b. Pulse field gel electrophoresis
c. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
d. Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis
c (bromophenol blue) - ANSWER-*To monitor the progress of electrophoresis, which
of the following is added to a sample that does not associate with DNA and runs
ahead of the smallest fragments in the sample?*
a. Ethidium bromide
, b. Acrylamide
c. Bromophenol blue
d. SYBR Green
c (intercalates between nitrogen bases) - ANSWER-*Which of the following
properties is true for ethidium bromide?*
a. Emits green light when excited at 200 nm
b. Level of detection is 5 pg of DNA
c. Intercalates between nitrogen bases
d. Has no background fluorescence in agarose
Confidentiality - ANSWER-Right to prevent redisclosure of info developed in a
confidential relationship
Privacy - ANSWER-Right to prevent information from disclosure condition of limited
access to a person
b (vitek) - ANSWER-*In current clinical microbiology lab, what equipment were used
to ID pathogens and detect antibiotic sensitivity (susceptibility test)?*
a. MALDI-TOF
b. Vitek
c. PCR
d. sequencing
b (pulsed field gel electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*Which of the following is a genotypic
method for typing organisms?*
a. Antibiogram patterns
b. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
c. Serotyping
d. Bacteriophage typing
a (monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance) - ANSWER-*HIV
genotyping is performed for which of the following reasons?*
a. Monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance
b. Confirm HIV infection
c. Quantify amount of HIV in the patient
d. Determine source of HIV
b (loss of function) - ANSWER-*What type of mutations usually occur in tumor
suppressor genes in malignant cells?*
a. Gain of function
b. Loss of function
c. Activating
d. Amplifications
a (t(9;22)) - ANSWER-*Which of the following translocations can be used to monitor
treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia?*
a. t(9;22)
b. t(11;14)
c. t(8;14)
(EXAM + QUIZ MC) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
c (primer annealing and extension) - ANSWER-*Fluorescence is detectable at which
stage of the real-time PCR process?*
a. Template denaturation
b. Cycle 1
c. Primer annealing and extension
d. Prior to amplification
c (3) - ANSWER-*A circular molecule has two sites for the restriction enzyme PstI
and one site for the enzyme BamH1. How many fragments will result when digested
with both enzymes?*
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
b (the distance b/w restriction enzyme recognition sites) - ANSWER-*What is learned
from the size of restriction fragments as determined by migration speed in gel
electrophoresis?*
a. The specificity of the restriction enzyme
b. The distance between restriction enzyme recognition sites
c. The rate of digestion of the enzyme
d. The number of restriction sites in the DNA
b (measure gene expression) - ANSWER-*A northern blot allows you to do which of
the following?*
a. Analyze a specific region of DNA in a complex background
b. Measure gene expression
c. Investigate DNA binding proteins
d. Determine antigen/antibody interactions
b (probes) - ANSWER-*Which of the following bind(s) specifically to a sequence of
interest, thus facilitating the analysis of that sequence?*
a. Restriction enzymes
b. Probes
c. Hybridomas
d. Digoxigenin
b (half of the double stranded DNA is single stranded) - ANSWER-*The melting
temperature of nucleic acid is the temperature when:*
a. All of the double-stranded DNA is single-stranded
b. Half of the double-stranded DNA is single-stranded
c. A quarter of the double-stranded DNA is single-stranded
,d. All of the single-stranded DNA is double-stranded
d (antigen/antibody recognition) - ANSWER-*The specificity of western blots
depends on what interaction?*
a. DNA/RNA complementarity
b. RNA/RNA complementarity
c. DNA antigens
d. Antigen/antibody recognition
d (polyacrylamide) - ANSWER-*Which of the following molecules polymerize to form
a support medium through which nucleic acids move?*
a. Ethidium bromide
b. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
c. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
d. Polyacrylamide
c (2.0%) - ANSWER-*What concentration of agarose should be used for optimal
separation of DNA fragments of 100, 250, and 350 bp in length?*
a. 0.5%
b. 0.7%
c. 2.0%
d. 12.0%
a (red) - ANSWER-*The positive pole in electrophoresis is indicated by which color?*
a. Red
b. Black
c. Green
d. White
a (capillary electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*A very limited amount of nucleic acid, 500-
1500 bp in size, is to be analyzed in a short time (same day) with the results
available immediately. Which of the following electrophoresis procedures will satisfy
those conditions?*
a. Capillary electrophoresis
b. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
c. Field inversion gel electrophoresis
d. Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field
b (pulse field electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*A molecular biologist is to separate and
analyze a mixture of nucleic acids that are about 100,000 bp in size. Which of the
following methods will yield the best results?*
a. Capillary electrophoresis
b. Pulse field gel electrophoresis
c. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
d. Traditional agarose gel electrophoresis
c (bromophenol blue) - ANSWER-*To monitor the progress of electrophoresis, which
of the following is added to a sample that does not associate with DNA and runs
ahead of the smallest fragments in the sample?*
a. Ethidium bromide
, b. Acrylamide
c. Bromophenol blue
d. SYBR Green
c (intercalates between nitrogen bases) - ANSWER-*Which of the following
properties is true for ethidium bromide?*
a. Emits green light when excited at 200 nm
b. Level of detection is 5 pg of DNA
c. Intercalates between nitrogen bases
d. Has no background fluorescence in agarose
Confidentiality - ANSWER-Right to prevent redisclosure of info developed in a
confidential relationship
Privacy - ANSWER-Right to prevent information from disclosure condition of limited
access to a person
b (vitek) - ANSWER-*In current clinical microbiology lab, what equipment were used
to ID pathogens and detect antibiotic sensitivity (susceptibility test)?*
a. MALDI-TOF
b. Vitek
c. PCR
d. sequencing
b (pulsed field gel electrophoresis) - ANSWER-*Which of the following is a genotypic
method for typing organisms?*
a. Antibiogram patterns
b. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
c. Serotyping
d. Bacteriophage typing
a (monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance) - ANSWER-*HIV
genotyping is performed for which of the following reasons?*
a. Monitor development of antiretroviral drug resistance
b. Confirm HIV infection
c. Quantify amount of HIV in the patient
d. Determine source of HIV
b (loss of function) - ANSWER-*What type of mutations usually occur in tumor
suppressor genes in malignant cells?*
a. Gain of function
b. Loss of function
c. Activating
d. Amplifications
a (t(9;22)) - ANSWER-*Which of the following translocations can be used to monitor
treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia?*
a. t(9;22)
b. t(11;14)
c. t(8;14)
