NR 568 MIDTERM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
LATEST 2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -
CHAMBERLAIN
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) should be treated with? - Answer-Topical
nystatin (rinse and spit). Oral fluconazole.
Candida of skin folds is treated with? - Answer-Topical nystatin. Oral
fluconazole.
Tinea corporis (ringworm) on skin is treated with? - Answer-Topical
terbinafine
Vaginal candida is treated with? - Answer-Topical miconazole. Oral
fluconazole.
Onychomycosis (nail fungus) is treated with? - Answer-Oral
terbinafine. Topical efinaconazole.
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) is treated with? - Answer-Topical
terbinafine.
,Aspergillus, also called farmer's lung is treated with? - Answer-
Caspofungin (Cancidas)
Voriconazole should not be combined with? - Answer-Phenobarbital as
it is a CYP450 inducer which can reduce the levels of drugs like
voriconazole.
What precaution should be taken when using Itraconazole for
superficial fungal infections in patients with heart failure or ventricular
dysfunction? - Answer-Should not be used due to its negative inotropic
actions
What baseline tests should be done before starting Itraconazole? -
Answer-Liver functions
How should a patient taking a PPI manage their medication schedule
when also taking Itraconazole? - Answer-Take the PPI one hour before
Itraconazole or take Itraconazole two hours after the PPI
What are examples of Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
(NRTIs)? - Answer-Abacavir, Zidovudine
How do Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) suppress
HIV replication? - Answer-By causing premature termination of the
DNA strand & competing with natural nucleoside triphosphates for
binding to reverse transcriptase
, What are some adverse reactions associated with Nucleotide Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)? - Answer-Lactic acidosis,
hepatomegaly w/steatosis, hypersensitivity reactions, possible MI,
fatigue, and headache
Why should patients positive for HLA-B*5701 never be prescribed
Abacavir? - Answer-Due to the risk of hypersensitivity reactions
What are Penicillins? - Answer-Group of antibiotics often used to treat
infections by gram-positive bacteria.
Name two examples of Penicillins. - Answer-Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
What caution should be taken with Penicillins in patients with renal
impairment? - Answer-Monitor renal function to prevent accumulation
to toxic levels.
How should Penicillins be used in patients with a history of allergic
reactions to Penicillins, Cephalosporins, or carbapenems? - Answer-Use
with extreme caution.
LATEST 2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -
CHAMBERLAIN
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) should be treated with? - Answer-Topical
nystatin (rinse and spit). Oral fluconazole.
Candida of skin folds is treated with? - Answer-Topical nystatin. Oral
fluconazole.
Tinea corporis (ringworm) on skin is treated with? - Answer-Topical
terbinafine
Vaginal candida is treated with? - Answer-Topical miconazole. Oral
fluconazole.
Onychomycosis (nail fungus) is treated with? - Answer-Oral
terbinafine. Topical efinaconazole.
Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) is treated with? - Answer-Topical
terbinafine.
,Aspergillus, also called farmer's lung is treated with? - Answer-
Caspofungin (Cancidas)
Voriconazole should not be combined with? - Answer-Phenobarbital as
it is a CYP450 inducer which can reduce the levels of drugs like
voriconazole.
What precaution should be taken when using Itraconazole for
superficial fungal infections in patients with heart failure or ventricular
dysfunction? - Answer-Should not be used due to its negative inotropic
actions
What baseline tests should be done before starting Itraconazole? -
Answer-Liver functions
How should a patient taking a PPI manage their medication schedule
when also taking Itraconazole? - Answer-Take the PPI one hour before
Itraconazole or take Itraconazole two hours after the PPI
What are examples of Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
(NRTIs)? - Answer-Abacavir, Zidovudine
How do Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) suppress
HIV replication? - Answer-By causing premature termination of the
DNA strand & competing with natural nucleoside triphosphates for
binding to reverse transcriptase
, What are some adverse reactions associated with Nucleotide Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)? - Answer-Lactic acidosis,
hepatomegaly w/steatosis, hypersensitivity reactions, possible MI,
fatigue, and headache
Why should patients positive for HLA-B*5701 never be prescribed
Abacavir? - Answer-Due to the risk of hypersensitivity reactions
What are Penicillins? - Answer-Group of antibiotics often used to treat
infections by gram-positive bacteria.
Name two examples of Penicillins. - Answer-Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
What caution should be taken with Penicillins in patients with renal
impairment? - Answer-Monitor renal function to prevent accumulation
to toxic levels.
How should Penicillins be used in patients with a history of allergic
reactions to Penicillins, Cephalosporins, or carbapenems? - Answer-Use
with extreme caution.
