Fpgee Review 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Detailed Answers | Get it
100% Correct Answers
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Na+ influx
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 2 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Ca+ influx, K+ outflux plateau
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔K+ outflux (Ca+ drops off) rapid repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Ca+(few Na+ channels in Nodal fibers)
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔K+ outflux repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 4 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔"Mainly Na+ (This is the pacemaker current) aarapim. "
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Ectopic rhythm can result from - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔ischemia, electrolyte
abnormalities, or heightened sympathetic tone
If an early afterdepolarization is sustained - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔torades de
pointes (QRS complexes of varying amplitudes)
ECG of a patient with an accessory pathway (bundle of Kent) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔"Wide QRS complexes, early ventricular upstroke (also predisposed to
re-entry loops) (Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome) wolff-parkinson-
white-accessory-bundle-bundle-of-Kent "
MOA of quinidine - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Blocks (open-activated) Na+ channels:
In SA Nodal tissue - Shift to a more positive threshold and decrease the
pacemaker slope (phase 4), In Ventricular tissue - Decreases the phase 0
slope (depolarization) and block K+ channels prolongs repolarization
(longer refractory period protected from reentry currents): Anticholanergic
(vagolytic effect faster conduction through AV node)
Indications of quinidine - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔"atrial flutter or fibrillation maintain
normal sinus rhythm,Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, Premature
atrial or ventricular contractions, paroxysmal AV junctional rhythm 9"
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,When taking this drug patients must be monitored for lupus (with ANA) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Procainamide
Take with quinidine to prevent rapid ventricular response in patient with
atrial flutter - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔β-blocker or Ca2+ channel blocker
Which 1A antiarrhythmic for a patient on digoxin - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Procainamide (doesn't alter digoxin levels)
MOA of Lidocaine and Phenytoin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( 1B) block of voltage-
gated Na+ in ventricular myocytes (decrease phase 0 upstroke)
MOA of Encainide, Flecainide, Moricizine, Propafenone - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(
1C) block of voltage-gated Na+ channelsin ventricular myocytes
MOA of Propranolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol... - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( ) block β1-
adrenergic receptors SLOW SA and AV nodal activity,(decreases phase 4
slope)
MOA of Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol, Amiodarone - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( I) Block
K+ channels longer action potential plateau and prolonged repolarization
MOA of Verapamil, Diltiazem - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( IV) Ca2+ channel blocker
slows action potential upstroke in SA and AV nodes
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, This 1A drug is associated with the development of Lupus, hematotoxicity,
but less likely to cause torsades - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔procainamide
Antiarrhythmics of choice for post ischemic insults - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1B
Drug used for Supraventricular tachycardias, and post-MI prophylaxis -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔antiarrhythmics (β-blockers)
What does Quinidine do to AV node - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔increases conduction
velocity (via anticholinergic effects)
This 1A drug is meolized to a meolite with a pure I effect (prolonging
refractory, lengthening QT interval) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Procainamide
DOC or ventricular arrhythmias in ER situations (like in MI) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Lidocaine
LidocaineMexiletine should be (increased or decreased) in patients with
drug inducible P0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔increased
Moderate Na+ channel block decrease phase 0, and prolonged
repolarization ( 1A, 1B or 1C) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1A
Mild Na+ channel block slight pahse 0 slope decrease, shortened
repolarization( 1A, 1B or 1C) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1B
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions and Detailed Answers | Get it
100% Correct Answers
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Na+ influx
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 2 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Ca+ influx, K+ outflux plateau
In FAST response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔K+ outflux (Ca+ drops off) rapid repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 0 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Ca+(few Na+ channels in Nodal fibers)
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 3 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔K+ outflux repolarization
In SLOW response fibers - Electrolyte involved in phase 4 - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔"Mainly Na+ (This is the pacemaker current) aarapim. "
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Ectopic rhythm can result from - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔ischemia, electrolyte
abnormalities, or heightened sympathetic tone
If an early afterdepolarization is sustained - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔torades de
pointes (QRS complexes of varying amplitudes)
ECG of a patient with an accessory pathway (bundle of Kent) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔"Wide QRS complexes, early ventricular upstroke (also predisposed to
re-entry loops) (Wolff Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome) wolff-parkinson-
white-accessory-bundle-bundle-of-Kent "
MOA of quinidine - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Blocks (open-activated) Na+ channels:
In SA Nodal tissue - Shift to a more positive threshold and decrease the
pacemaker slope (phase 4), In Ventricular tissue - Decreases the phase 0
slope (depolarization) and block K+ channels prolongs repolarization
(longer refractory period protected from reentry currents): Anticholanergic
(vagolytic effect faster conduction through AV node)
Indications of quinidine - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔"atrial flutter or fibrillation maintain
normal sinus rhythm,Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, Premature
atrial or ventricular contractions, paroxysmal AV junctional rhythm 9"
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,When taking this drug patients must be monitored for lupus (with ANA) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔Procainamide
Take with quinidine to prevent rapid ventricular response in patient with
atrial flutter - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔β-blocker or Ca2+ channel blocker
Which 1A antiarrhythmic for a patient on digoxin - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Procainamide (doesn't alter digoxin levels)
MOA of Lidocaine and Phenytoin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( 1B) block of voltage-
gated Na+ in ventricular myocytes (decrease phase 0 upstroke)
MOA of Encainide, Flecainide, Moricizine, Propafenone - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔(
1C) block of voltage-gated Na+ channelsin ventricular myocytes
MOA of Propranolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol... - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( ) block β1-
adrenergic receptors SLOW SA and AV nodal activity,(decreases phase 4
slope)
MOA of Ibutilide, Dofetilide, Sotalol, Amiodarone - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( I) Block
K+ channels longer action potential plateau and prolonged repolarization
MOA of Verapamil, Diltiazem - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔( IV) Ca2+ channel blocker
slows action potential upstroke in SA and AV nodes
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, This 1A drug is associated with the development of Lupus, hematotoxicity,
but less likely to cause torsades - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔procainamide
Antiarrhythmics of choice for post ischemic insults - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1B
Drug used for Supraventricular tachycardias, and post-MI prophylaxis -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔antiarrhythmics (β-blockers)
What does Quinidine do to AV node - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔increases conduction
velocity (via anticholinergic effects)
This 1A drug is meolized to a meolite with a pure I effect (prolonging
refractory, lengthening QT interval) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Procainamide
DOC or ventricular arrhythmias in ER situations (like in MI) - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Lidocaine
LidocaineMexiletine should be (increased or decreased) in patients with
drug inducible P0 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔increased
Moderate Na+ channel block decrease phase 0, and prolonged
repolarization ( 1A, 1B or 1C) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1A
Mild Na+ channel block slight pahse 0 slope decrease, shortened
repolarization( 1A, 1B or 1C) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1B
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
