Adult Health III: Final Exam Questions With Complete
Solutions
. A client with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences
severe vomiting following each administration of
chemotherapy. Which of the following interventions should the
nurse implement?
a. Teach about the importance of nutrition during treatment.
b. Have the client eat large meals when nausea is not present.
c. Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during
chemotherapy.
d. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the
treatments. Correct Answers d. Administer prescribed
antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.
. The nurse is caring for a client with acute myelogenous
leukemia who is receiving outpatient chemotherapy and
develops an absolute neutrophil count of 0.9 109 /L. Which of
the following actions by the nurse in the outpatient clinic is
best?
a. Discuss the need for hospital admission to treat the
neutropenia.
b. Plan to discontinue the chemotherapy until the neutropenia
resolves.
c. Teach the client how to administer filgrastim injections at
home.
d. Obtain a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter for the
client for home use. Correct Answers c. Teach the client how
to administer filgrastim injections at home.
,A 52-year-old patient has a 40-pack-year history of smoking and
has been diagnosed with cancer of the lung. He tells the nurse
that he did not know that anything was wrong until he had a
routine chest X-ray. The nurse explains that symptoms of lung
cancer occur late in the disease. What is the first thing people
usually notice?
a. Fatigue
b. Chest pain
c. A persistent cough
d. Shortness of breath Correct Answers c. A persistent cough
A chemotherapeutic agent known to cause alopecia is
prescribed for a client. Which of the following actions should
the nurse plan to implement to help maintain the client's self-
esteem?
a. Suggest that the client limit social contacts until regrowth of
the hair occurs.
b. Encourage the client to purchase a wig or hat and wear it
once hair loss begins.
c. Have the client wash the hair gently with a mild shampoo to
minimize hair loss.
d. Inform the client that the hair will grow back once the
chemotherapy is complete. Correct Answers b. Encourage the
client to purchase a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins.
A client receiving head and neck radiation has ulcerations over
the oral mucosa and tongue and thick, ropey saliva. Which of
,the following actions should the nurse teach the client to
complete?
a. Remove food debris from the teeth and oral mucosa with a
stiff toothbrush. b. Use cotton-tipped applicators dipped in
hydrogen peroxide to clean the teeth.
c. Gargle and rinse the mouth several times a day with an
antiseptic mouthwash.
d. Rinse the mouth before and after each meal and at bedtime
with a saline solution. Correct Answers d. Rinse the mouth
before and after each meal and at bedtime with a saline
solution.
A client who has a diagnosis of fibrocystic breast changes calls
the nurse in the clinic with these symptoms. Which of the
following findings is most important to report to the health
care provider?
a. There is yellow-green discharge from one of the client's
nipples.
b. There is an area on the breast that is hot, red, and tender to
touch.
c. The lumps are firm feeling and most are in the upper outer
breast quadrants.
d. The lumps are larger and more painful before the client's
menstrual period. Correct Answers b. There is an area on the
breast that is hot, red, and tender to touch.
A client who has severe pain associated with terminal liver
cancer is being cared for at home by family members. Which of
, the following findings indicates that teaching regarding pain
management has been effective?
a. The client agrees to take the medications by the IV route in
order to improve analgesic effectiveness.
b. The client uses the ordered opioid pain medication whenever
the pain is greater than 5 (0-10 scale).
c. The client takes opioids around the clock on a regular
schedule and uses additional doses when breakthrough pain
occurs.
d. The client states that nonopioid analgesics may be used
when the maximal dose of the opioid is reached without
adequate pain relief. Correct Answers c. The client takes
opioids around the clock on a regular schedule and uses
additional doses when breakthrough pain occurs.
A client who is in the clinic for an immunization tells the nurse,
"My mother died 4 months ago, and I just can't seem to get
over it. I'm not sure it is normal to still think about her every
day." Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most
appropriate?
a. Ineffective role performance related to depression
b. Complicated grieving related to emotional disturbance
(death of loved one)
c. Anxiety related to unmet needs (lack of knowledge about
normal grieving)
d. Impaired mood regulation related to loneliness Correct
Answers c. Anxiety related to unmet needs (lack of knowledge
about normal grieving)
Solutions
. A client with metastatic cancer of the colon experiences
severe vomiting following each administration of
chemotherapy. Which of the following interventions should the
nurse implement?
a. Teach about the importance of nutrition during treatment.
b. Have the client eat large meals when nausea is not present.
c. Offer dry crackers and carbonated fluids during
chemotherapy.
d. Administer prescribed antiemetics 1 hour before the
treatments. Correct Answers d. Administer prescribed
antiemetics 1 hour before the treatments.
. The nurse is caring for a client with acute myelogenous
leukemia who is receiving outpatient chemotherapy and
develops an absolute neutrophil count of 0.9 109 /L. Which of
the following actions by the nurse in the outpatient clinic is
best?
a. Discuss the need for hospital admission to treat the
neutropenia.
b. Plan to discontinue the chemotherapy until the neutropenia
resolves.
c. Teach the client how to administer filgrastim injections at
home.
d. Obtain a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter for the
client for home use. Correct Answers c. Teach the client how
to administer filgrastim injections at home.
,A 52-year-old patient has a 40-pack-year history of smoking and
has been diagnosed with cancer of the lung. He tells the nurse
that he did not know that anything was wrong until he had a
routine chest X-ray. The nurse explains that symptoms of lung
cancer occur late in the disease. What is the first thing people
usually notice?
a. Fatigue
b. Chest pain
c. A persistent cough
d. Shortness of breath Correct Answers c. A persistent cough
A chemotherapeutic agent known to cause alopecia is
prescribed for a client. Which of the following actions should
the nurse plan to implement to help maintain the client's self-
esteem?
a. Suggest that the client limit social contacts until regrowth of
the hair occurs.
b. Encourage the client to purchase a wig or hat and wear it
once hair loss begins.
c. Have the client wash the hair gently with a mild shampoo to
minimize hair loss.
d. Inform the client that the hair will grow back once the
chemotherapy is complete. Correct Answers b. Encourage the
client to purchase a wig or hat and wear it once hair loss begins.
A client receiving head and neck radiation has ulcerations over
the oral mucosa and tongue and thick, ropey saliva. Which of
,the following actions should the nurse teach the client to
complete?
a. Remove food debris from the teeth and oral mucosa with a
stiff toothbrush. b. Use cotton-tipped applicators dipped in
hydrogen peroxide to clean the teeth.
c. Gargle and rinse the mouth several times a day with an
antiseptic mouthwash.
d. Rinse the mouth before and after each meal and at bedtime
with a saline solution. Correct Answers d. Rinse the mouth
before and after each meal and at bedtime with a saline
solution.
A client who has a diagnosis of fibrocystic breast changes calls
the nurse in the clinic with these symptoms. Which of the
following findings is most important to report to the health
care provider?
a. There is yellow-green discharge from one of the client's
nipples.
b. There is an area on the breast that is hot, red, and tender to
touch.
c. The lumps are firm feeling and most are in the upper outer
breast quadrants.
d. The lumps are larger and more painful before the client's
menstrual period. Correct Answers b. There is an area on the
breast that is hot, red, and tender to touch.
A client who has severe pain associated with terminal liver
cancer is being cared for at home by family members. Which of
, the following findings indicates that teaching regarding pain
management has been effective?
a. The client agrees to take the medications by the IV route in
order to improve analgesic effectiveness.
b. The client uses the ordered opioid pain medication whenever
the pain is greater than 5 (0-10 scale).
c. The client takes opioids around the clock on a regular
schedule and uses additional doses when breakthrough pain
occurs.
d. The client states that nonopioid analgesics may be used
when the maximal dose of the opioid is reached without
adequate pain relief. Correct Answers c. The client takes
opioids around the clock on a regular schedule and uses
additional doses when breakthrough pain occurs.
A client who is in the clinic for an immunization tells the nurse,
"My mother died 4 months ago, and I just can't seem to get
over it. I'm not sure it is normal to still think about her every
day." Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most
appropriate?
a. Ineffective role performance related to depression
b. Complicated grieving related to emotional disturbance
(death of loved one)
c. Anxiety related to unmet needs (lack of knowledge about
normal grieving)
d. Impaired mood regulation related to loneliness Correct
Answers c. Anxiety related to unmet needs (lack of knowledge
about normal grieving)
