ONS-ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate EXAM LATEST
VERSION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A
first growth phase (or first gap) - CORRECT ANSWER G1
How many cells are produced each time a cell divides? - CORRECT
ANSWER 2
the process of cell division - CORRECT ANSWER mitosis
The time when a cells grows and replicates DNA in preparation for cell
division. - CORRECT ANSWER interphase
most important checkpoint in cell division - CORRECT ANSWER G1
Phases of ___________ ___________ include synthesis phase, G1, G2, M
phase - CORRECT ANSWER cell division
These treatments are ALL developed to target specific points in the
cell division process. - CORRECT ANSWER Chemotherapy and
immunotherapy
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled by these two proteins:
- CORRECT ANSWER cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases
_________________ stem cells are created in the bone marrow and can
differentiate into any type of cell (except embryonic tissue). -
CORRECT ANSWER pluripotent
Is a pluripotent stem cell differentiated or undifferentiated? -
CORRECT ANSWER undifferentiated
for hematology a pluripotent stem cell divides producing cells from
either _____________ or _____________ lineage - CORRECT ANSWER
myeloid, lymphoid
,This type of precuros or pre-cell matures into red blood cells, platelets,
and white blood cells. - CORRECT ANSWER myeolid
this type of stem cell or pre-cell matures into specialized WBCs called
lymphocytes. - CORRECT ANSWER lymphoid
the use of the body's own immune system to treat cancer - CORRECT
ANSWER immunotherapy
These two letters make up the two types of lymphocyte cells. -
CORRECT ANSWER B, T
The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that are of
what lineage? - CORRECT ANSWER myeloid or lymphoid
What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? - CORRECT ANSWER red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? - CORRECT ANSWER
specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes
Granulocytes are - CORRECT ANSWER basophils, eosinophils,
neutrophils
Agranuloyctes are - CORRECT ANSWER T lymphocytes, B
lymphocytes, monocytes
What two type of immunity make up the immune system? - CORRECT
ANSWER innate and adaptive
What line of defense is innate immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER first
What is the role of innate immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER is to mount
a non-specific response to a non-self entity that does not retain
memory of the entity
,What types of things does innate immunity respond to? - CORRECT
ANSWER skin, mucous membranes, normal flora of the skin and gut
as barrier or bacterial protection against foreign substances AND
cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, and macrophages
If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized? -
CORRECT ANSWER adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity leads to what? - CORRECT ANSWER immune
system memory related to a pathogen or foreign substance
What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER
humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-cells
What is humoral immunity made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER b
lymphocytes, memory b cells, and plasma to produce immunoglobulins
or antibodies
What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? - CORRECT ANSWER
cytotoxic t-cells, helper t-cells and their cytokines
What are regulatory t-cells also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER
supressor t-cells
What do regulatory t-cells do? - CORRECT ANSWER regulate the
immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses
What are cytokines? - CORRECT ANSWER cytokines are secreted by
lymphocytes with the intention of stimulating macrophages and
cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and kill pathogen infected cells or
tumor cells
What do proto-oncogenes do? - CORRECT ANSWER regulate normal
cell growth and division.
, What are proto-oncogenes? - CORRECT ANSWER they are a large
family of genes that code for proteins and enzymes that turn on the
cell cycle
If a mistake in copies of DNA occur next to a porto-oncogene, it can
"turn on" and become what? - CORRECT ANSWER oncogene
What are two examples of an oncogene? - CORRECT ANSWER
EGFR/Erb- B1 and Erb-B2/HER2
What is a very important tumor suppressor gene? - CORRECT ANSWER
p53
What is the p53 gene also called? - CORRECT ANSWER suicide gene
What does neoadjuvant therapy refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER
treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main
treatment
What is adjuvant therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that
cancer will occur
How do alkylating agents function? - CORRECT ANSWER by causing
a break in the DNA helix strand, causing interference with DNA
replication, which results in cell death
What are the three most common alkylating agent chemo's? -
CORRECT ANSWER cytoxan, ifos, bendamustine
How are alkylating agents and platinum based chemo's different? -
CORRECT ANSWER platinum based chemo's do not have the
molecule to to attach to and destroy DNA
What are the two most common platinum based chemo's? - CORRECT
ANSWER cisplatin and carboplatin
VERSION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A
first growth phase (or first gap) - CORRECT ANSWER G1
How many cells are produced each time a cell divides? - CORRECT
ANSWER 2
the process of cell division - CORRECT ANSWER mitosis
The time when a cells grows and replicates DNA in preparation for cell
division. - CORRECT ANSWER interphase
most important checkpoint in cell division - CORRECT ANSWER G1
Phases of ___________ ___________ include synthesis phase, G1, G2, M
phase - CORRECT ANSWER cell division
These treatments are ALL developed to target specific points in the
cell division process. - CORRECT ANSWER Chemotherapy and
immunotherapy
Progression through the cell cycle is controlled by these two proteins:
- CORRECT ANSWER cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases
_________________ stem cells are created in the bone marrow and can
differentiate into any type of cell (except embryonic tissue). -
CORRECT ANSWER pluripotent
Is a pluripotent stem cell differentiated or undifferentiated? -
CORRECT ANSWER undifferentiated
for hematology a pluripotent stem cell divides producing cells from
either _____________ or _____________ lineage - CORRECT ANSWER
myeloid, lymphoid
,This type of precuros or pre-cell matures into red blood cells, platelets,
and white blood cells. - CORRECT ANSWER myeolid
this type of stem cell or pre-cell matures into specialized WBCs called
lymphocytes. - CORRECT ANSWER lymphoid
the use of the body's own immune system to treat cancer - CORRECT
ANSWER immunotherapy
These two letters make up the two types of lymphocyte cells. -
CORRECT ANSWER B, T
The stem cell divides, producing undifferentiated stem cells that are of
what lineage? - CORRECT ANSWER myeloid or lymphoid
What cells do myeloid precursors turn into? - CORRECT ANSWER red
blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What cells do lymphoid precursors turn into? - CORRECT ANSWER
specialized white blood cells called lymphocytes
Granulocytes are - CORRECT ANSWER basophils, eosinophils,
neutrophils
Agranuloyctes are - CORRECT ANSWER T lymphocytes, B
lymphocytes, monocytes
What two type of immunity make up the immune system? - CORRECT
ANSWER innate and adaptive
What line of defense is innate immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER first
What is the role of innate immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER is to mount
a non-specific response to a non-self entity that does not retain
memory of the entity
,What types of things does innate immunity respond to? - CORRECT
ANSWER skin, mucous membranes, normal flora of the skin and gut
as barrier or bacterial protection against foreign substances AND
cellular components such as phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, and macrophages
If innate immunity proves to be insufficient, what is mobilized? -
CORRECT ANSWER adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity leads to what? - CORRECT ANSWER immune
system memory related to a pathogen or foreign substance
What are the three parts of adaptive immunity? - CORRECT ANSWER
humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, regulatory t-cells
What is humoral immunity made up of? - CORRECT ANSWER b
lymphocytes, memory b cells, and plasma to produce immunoglobulins
or antibodies
What is cell mediated immunity dependent on? - CORRECT ANSWER
cytotoxic t-cells, helper t-cells and their cytokines
What are regulatory t-cells also known as? - CORRECT ANSWER
supressor t-cells
What do regulatory t-cells do? - CORRECT ANSWER regulate the
immune response to prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses
What are cytokines? - CORRECT ANSWER cytokines are secreted by
lymphocytes with the intention of stimulating macrophages and
cytotoxic t lymphocytes to identify and kill pathogen infected cells or
tumor cells
What do proto-oncogenes do? - CORRECT ANSWER regulate normal
cell growth and division.
, What are proto-oncogenes? - CORRECT ANSWER they are a large
family of genes that code for proteins and enzymes that turn on the
cell cycle
If a mistake in copies of DNA occur next to a porto-oncogene, it can
"turn on" and become what? - CORRECT ANSWER oncogene
What are two examples of an oncogene? - CORRECT ANSWER
EGFR/Erb- B1 and Erb-B2/HER2
What is a very important tumor suppressor gene? - CORRECT ANSWER
p53
What is the p53 gene also called? - CORRECT ANSWER suicide gene
What does neoadjuvant therapy refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER
treatment given as a first step to shrink a tumor before the main
treatment
What is adjuvant therapy? - CORRECT ANSWER additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that
cancer will occur
How do alkylating agents function? - CORRECT ANSWER by causing
a break in the DNA helix strand, causing interference with DNA
replication, which results in cell death
What are the three most common alkylating agent chemo's? -
CORRECT ANSWER cytoxan, ifos, bendamustine
How are alkylating agents and platinum based chemo's different? -
CORRECT ANSWER platinum based chemo's do not have the
molecule to to attach to and destroy DNA
What are the two most common platinum based chemo's? - CORRECT
ANSWER cisplatin and carboplatin
