NUR 617 PHARM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pharmacogenomics - Answers - the study of genetically determined variations in the
response to drugs
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - The way the body processes drugs. Involves 4 processes
of:
-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
Drug clearance - Answers - The process of metabolism and excretion/
The disappearance of the drug from the patient's serum
Absorption - Answers - The process by which drug molecules move from their site of
administration, across one or more cell membranes, in order to gain entry to the blood
Driving force of absorption - Answers - Concentration gradient = Concentration on either
side of the membrane
Concentration Gradient - Answers - Passive diffusion- from high concentration to low
concentration. Does NOT require energy
Routes of drug administration that do NOT involve the absorption process - Answers - -
IV
-Intraarterial
Absorption: Fastest to slowest drug formulations - Answers - FASTEST
-liquids
-suspensions
-powders
-capsules
-tablets
-enteric coated tablets
-sustained release tablets
SLOWEST
Factors that determine the rate and extent of drug absorption - Answers - -solubility (or
dissolvability) of the drug
-physical properties of the drug
-area of absorptive surface
-blood supply at absorptive surface
-length of time of contact with absorptive surface
, Cell membranes are composed of lipids. --> Fat-soluble molecules cross the membrane
easier than water-soluble. What are fat soluble molecules called? - Answers - Non-
ionized
Non-polarized
***Acidic
Water soluble molecules - Answers - Ionized
Polarized
***basic
Drugs which are highly ionized or highly lipophilic (water-loving) both have a hard time
being absorbed. It is better to be - Answers - weaker
Weak acid drugs - Answers - -phenobarbital
-pentobarbital
-acetaminophen
-aspirin
Weak bases drugs - Answers - -cocaine
-ephedrine
-chlordiazepoxide
-morphine
Fastest route of administration (besides IV and IA)
because the most VASCULAR - Answers - -lungs
-stomach
-muscle
(fat/subcutaneous tissue is slow)
Transdermal route of administration - Answers - ONLY lipid soluble substances are
capable of crossing through intact skin.
Better absorption through:
-hairy skin
-thin skin
-abraded skin
-recently massaged skin
IM route of administration - Answers - absorption is better through:
-large, active muscle
*NO first-pass metabolism = a smaller dose can be given than normal
Pharmacogenomics - Answers - the study of genetically determined variations in the
response to drugs
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - The way the body processes drugs. Involves 4 processes
of:
-absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-excretion
Drug clearance - Answers - The process of metabolism and excretion/
The disappearance of the drug from the patient's serum
Absorption - Answers - The process by which drug molecules move from their site of
administration, across one or more cell membranes, in order to gain entry to the blood
Driving force of absorption - Answers - Concentration gradient = Concentration on either
side of the membrane
Concentration Gradient - Answers - Passive diffusion- from high concentration to low
concentration. Does NOT require energy
Routes of drug administration that do NOT involve the absorption process - Answers - -
IV
-Intraarterial
Absorption: Fastest to slowest drug formulations - Answers - FASTEST
-liquids
-suspensions
-powders
-capsules
-tablets
-enteric coated tablets
-sustained release tablets
SLOWEST
Factors that determine the rate and extent of drug absorption - Answers - -solubility (or
dissolvability) of the drug
-physical properties of the drug
-area of absorptive surface
-blood supply at absorptive surface
-length of time of contact with absorptive surface
, Cell membranes are composed of lipids. --> Fat-soluble molecules cross the membrane
easier than water-soluble. What are fat soluble molecules called? - Answers - Non-
ionized
Non-polarized
***Acidic
Water soluble molecules - Answers - Ionized
Polarized
***basic
Drugs which are highly ionized or highly lipophilic (water-loving) both have a hard time
being absorbed. It is better to be - Answers - weaker
Weak acid drugs - Answers - -phenobarbital
-pentobarbital
-acetaminophen
-aspirin
Weak bases drugs - Answers - -cocaine
-ephedrine
-chlordiazepoxide
-morphine
Fastest route of administration (besides IV and IA)
because the most VASCULAR - Answers - -lungs
-stomach
-muscle
(fat/subcutaneous tissue is slow)
Transdermal route of administration - Answers - ONLY lipid soluble substances are
capable of crossing through intact skin.
Better absorption through:
-hairy skin
-thin skin
-abraded skin
-recently massaged skin
IM route of administration - Answers - absorption is better through:
-large, active muscle
*NO first-pass metabolism = a smaller dose can be given than normal
