CAOT NOTCE Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Version 2025-2026
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? - Answers inflammation of the joint lining
progressive + chronic
results in deterioration, limited ROM and pain/stiffness
synovitis + crepatitation
Deformities associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis? - Answers Swan Neck
Boutioneere
Nale Bluff (Thumb)
Joint Laxity
Ulnar Deviation
What joint is most commonly affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answers DIP and PIP
What is Osteoarthritis? - Answers inflammation of the joint cartilage - the cartilage breaks down which
causes the bones to rub together which results in osteophytes
wear + tear
What joint is most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis? - Answers weight bearing - hips, knees, spine,
MC of the toe
What is fibromyalgia? - Answers pain in muscles + their attachments
Interventions with Fibromyalgia - Answers Energy Conservation
Physical Endurance
ROM + strength
Splinting
Assistive Technology
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)? - Answers due to affected neurons in the brainstem, cortex
and spinal cord
two types: sporadic (55-62) + familial (45-52)
Etiology: glutamate insufficiency, metal toxicity, genetics, autoimmune factors, neuron destruction
,What are the three other conditions similar to ALS? - Answers Progressive Bulbar Palsy - corticobulbar
tract + brainstem affected, affects facial muscles due to cranial nerves being affected. Results in facial +
tongue weakness, dysphagia + dysarthria
Progressive Muscle Atrophy: weakness, decreased reflexes, increased fasciculation
Primary Lateral Sclerosis: corticobulbar + corticospinal tracts, result in progressive spastic paresis
(progressive stiffness)
What is the expected lifespan after an ALS diagnosis - Answers 2-4 years
ALS does not affect - Answers eyesight, bowel and bladder
Initial S/S of ALS --> Progression of ALS - Answers initial: slurred speech, increased emotions
progression: muscle atrophy, spasticity, cramping and fasciculation
Assessment for ALS - Answers COPM - roles + goals
ADL's - FIM, AMPS, SMAF
ROM + MMT, balance, coordination
eating, swallowing
5 Stages of Interventions for ALS - Answers Stage 1: ROM + Stretching, EC
Stage 2: continuous stretching, be cautious of strengthening, AFO/splinting if required, dysphagia
assessment, assistive tech for ADLS
Stage 3: manual or powered wheelchair, universal cuff to eat, discuss with family home modifications
Stage 4: arm sling, massage, heat + massage, environmental controls, discuss future steps
Stage 5: teach family transfers, mobility, etc. control devices, wheelchair with respiratory device
Stage 6: PROM + massage, augmented device, dysphagia assessment
What is Alzheimers Disease? - Answers progressive deterioration of the CNS
affects behaviour (psychosis, agitation, hallucinations delusion), mood (depression + anxiety), and higher
mental processes (resulting in a decrease in memory, decision making, learning, etc.)
Stage 1/4 of Alzheimers Interventions - Answers Stage 1 ( Mild):
- focus on memory, visuospatial challenges + personality. challenges
- agnosia + anomia
,- ST memory loss with places + names
- decreased attention focus and comprehension
Stage 2/4 for Alzheimers Interventions - Answers Stage 2 (moderate):
- same as stage 1
- focus on agitation, confusion, insomnia, apraxia
- increased social withdrawal
- increased emotional reactions
- vocalization of hallucinations + delusions
- unaware of thirst + hunger
- repetitive questioning
- difficulty with tasks instructions
Stage 3/4 for Alzheimer Interventions - Answers Stage 3 (Severe):
- aphasia, resistive, incontinent and eating challenges
- repetitive vocal + physical behaviours
- dependent in self care
- decrease motor control
Stage 4/4 Alzheimer Interventions - Answers Stage 4: Terminal
- mute
- bed fast
- dysphagia
ST Memory Interventions - Answers cue cards
memory books
planners
repetitive practice with a schedule
checklists
, task analysis
writing things down
planning ahead
use of timers
LT Memory Interventions - Answers memory books
visual, tactile, sense cues
use of smells + visuals to cue a memory
Sensory Memory Interventions - Answers high contrast colors, enlarged prints, calm speech, reassuring
touch
Behavioural Interventions (Alzheimer) - Answers orientation (to person, place, time)
reminisce therapy
validation therapy (all behaviour serve a purpose)
what is "FOCUSED" - Answers an environmental intervention for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer
disease
F - face to face
O - orient (repeat key words)
C - continuity (same topic)
U - unstick
S - structure (simple choices)
E - exchange with the individual
D - direct
Environmental Interventions - Answers simplify tasks
encourage participation
cues
decrease distractions
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis? - Answers inflammation of the joint lining
progressive + chronic
results in deterioration, limited ROM and pain/stiffness
synovitis + crepatitation
Deformities associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis? - Answers Swan Neck
Boutioneere
Nale Bluff (Thumb)
Joint Laxity
Ulnar Deviation
What joint is most commonly affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis - Answers DIP and PIP
What is Osteoarthritis? - Answers inflammation of the joint cartilage - the cartilage breaks down which
causes the bones to rub together which results in osteophytes
wear + tear
What joint is most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis? - Answers weight bearing - hips, knees, spine,
MC of the toe
What is fibromyalgia? - Answers pain in muscles + their attachments
Interventions with Fibromyalgia - Answers Energy Conservation
Physical Endurance
ROM + strength
Splinting
Assistive Technology
What is Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)? - Answers due to affected neurons in the brainstem, cortex
and spinal cord
two types: sporadic (55-62) + familial (45-52)
Etiology: glutamate insufficiency, metal toxicity, genetics, autoimmune factors, neuron destruction
,What are the three other conditions similar to ALS? - Answers Progressive Bulbar Palsy - corticobulbar
tract + brainstem affected, affects facial muscles due to cranial nerves being affected. Results in facial +
tongue weakness, dysphagia + dysarthria
Progressive Muscle Atrophy: weakness, decreased reflexes, increased fasciculation
Primary Lateral Sclerosis: corticobulbar + corticospinal tracts, result in progressive spastic paresis
(progressive stiffness)
What is the expected lifespan after an ALS diagnosis - Answers 2-4 years
ALS does not affect - Answers eyesight, bowel and bladder
Initial S/S of ALS --> Progression of ALS - Answers initial: slurred speech, increased emotions
progression: muscle atrophy, spasticity, cramping and fasciculation
Assessment for ALS - Answers COPM - roles + goals
ADL's - FIM, AMPS, SMAF
ROM + MMT, balance, coordination
eating, swallowing
5 Stages of Interventions for ALS - Answers Stage 1: ROM + Stretching, EC
Stage 2: continuous stretching, be cautious of strengthening, AFO/splinting if required, dysphagia
assessment, assistive tech for ADLS
Stage 3: manual or powered wheelchair, universal cuff to eat, discuss with family home modifications
Stage 4: arm sling, massage, heat + massage, environmental controls, discuss future steps
Stage 5: teach family transfers, mobility, etc. control devices, wheelchair with respiratory device
Stage 6: PROM + massage, augmented device, dysphagia assessment
What is Alzheimers Disease? - Answers progressive deterioration of the CNS
affects behaviour (psychosis, agitation, hallucinations delusion), mood (depression + anxiety), and higher
mental processes (resulting in a decrease in memory, decision making, learning, etc.)
Stage 1/4 of Alzheimers Interventions - Answers Stage 1 ( Mild):
- focus on memory, visuospatial challenges + personality. challenges
- agnosia + anomia
,- ST memory loss with places + names
- decreased attention focus and comprehension
Stage 2/4 for Alzheimers Interventions - Answers Stage 2 (moderate):
- same as stage 1
- focus on agitation, confusion, insomnia, apraxia
- increased social withdrawal
- increased emotional reactions
- vocalization of hallucinations + delusions
- unaware of thirst + hunger
- repetitive questioning
- difficulty with tasks instructions
Stage 3/4 for Alzheimer Interventions - Answers Stage 3 (Severe):
- aphasia, resistive, incontinent and eating challenges
- repetitive vocal + physical behaviours
- dependent in self care
- decrease motor control
Stage 4/4 Alzheimer Interventions - Answers Stage 4: Terminal
- mute
- bed fast
- dysphagia
ST Memory Interventions - Answers cue cards
memory books
planners
repetitive practice with a schedule
checklists
, task analysis
writing things down
planning ahead
use of timers
LT Memory Interventions - Answers memory books
visual, tactile, sense cues
use of smells + visuals to cue a memory
Sensory Memory Interventions - Answers high contrast colors, enlarged prints, calm speech, reassuring
touch
Behavioural Interventions (Alzheimer) - Answers orientation (to person, place, time)
reminisce therapy
validation therapy (all behaviour serve a purpose)
what is "FOCUSED" - Answers an environmental intervention for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer
disease
F - face to face
O - orient (repeat key words)
C - continuity (same topic)
U - unstick
S - structure (simple choices)
E - exchange with the individual
D - direct
Environmental Interventions - Answers simplify tasks
encourage participation
cues
decrease distractions
