FNP Board Review: Gastrointestinal Disorders

FNP Board Review: Gastrointestinal Disorders What are acute issues of the abdomen? - Answer ️️ -Appendicitis Cholecystitis Pancreatitis Diverticulitis A 44-year old obese woman presents with abdominal pain. What is the most likely etiology if she is afebrile? - Answer ️️ -Cholecystitis Which acute abdominal issue is least likely in an older adult? - Answer ️️ -Appendicitis What is appendicitis indicative of in an older adult? - Answer ️️ -Colorectal cancer What is the classic pain location and preferred imaging study in appendicitis? - Answer ️️ - RLQ: but periumbilical early CT scan: abdominal ultrasound in peds What is the classic pain location and preferred imaging study in cholecystitis? - Answer ️️ - RUQ (Murphy's sign) Ultrasound; HIDA if ultrasound is inconclusive` What is the classic pain location and preferred imaging study in diverticulitis? - Answer ️️ - LLQ CT scan What is the classic pain location and preferred imaging study in pancreatitis? - Answer ️️ - Sudden, severe, RUQ, LUQ CT scan, abdominal ultrasound A 36-year old obese woman presents with abdominal pain. If the most likely differential diagnosis is cholecystitis, what is the diagnostic test of choice? - Answer ️️ -Abdominal ultrasound A 46-year-old woman with LLQ abdominal pain has suspected diverticulitis. What should be part of the initial workup? - Answer ️️ -CBC Electrolytes Pregnancy test Urinalysis CT scan with and without contrast What are features of physiologic reflux? - Answer ️️ -Occurs after eating Is short lived Rarely occurs during sleep What are features of Pathologic reflux? - Answer ️️ -Associated with symptoms Associated with mucosal injury Nocturnal symptoms What are the 3 mechanisms of GERD? - Answer ️️ -Reduction in LES tone Irritation of esophageal mucosa Increased gastric acid secretion The sensitivity of a test indicates what? - Answer ️️ -True positive The specificity of a tests indicates what? - Answer ️️ -True negative What medication classes are used to treat GERD? - Answer ️️ -Antacids (prn) H2 receptor antagonists (prn) Proton pump inhibitors What are examples of antacids and their mechanism of action? - Answer ️️ -Maalox, Mylanta, Rolaids, Tums MOA: increases PH for about 20-30 minutes; fastest relief What are examples of H2 receptor antagonists and their mechanism of action? - Answer ️️ - Cimetidine (Tagamet), Ranitidine (Zantac), Famotidine (Pepcid), Nizatidine (Axid) MOA: Decreases acid production for 6-12 hours; provides relief in about 60 minutes What are examples of proton pump i