Final Exam Practice Test Questions And Answers 2025 Update.

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Final Exam Practice Test Questions And
Answers 2025 Update.



1. The urinary system does all of the following, except it?


A. secretes excess glucose molecules


B. regulates blood volume


C. contributes to stabilizing blood pH


D. eliminates organic waste products


E. regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes - Answer✔A.
Conical Structure that are located in the renal medullar are called?
a. Pyramids
b. Renal columns
c. Renal pelvises
d. Nephrons

E. Clayces - Answer✔A.Pyramids
The region known as the macula densa is part of?


A. the proximal convoluted tubule

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B. the distal convoluted tubule
C. the collecting duct
D. the ascending loop of Henle

E. Bowman's capsule - Answer✔E. Bowmans capsule
The cells of the macular densa and the Juxtagolomerular cells form that?


a. Renal corpuscle
b. filtration membrane
c. loop of henles
d. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

e. efferent artioles - Answer✔D. Juxtaglomerular apparatus
A glomerulus is?


a. the expanded end of a nephron


b. a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle


c. the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle


d. the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct


e. the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron - Answer✔B. A knot of capillaries that lies
within the renal corpuscle
The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney.
1. afferent arteriole
2. arcuate artery
3. interlobar artery
4. renal artery
5. glomerulus

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6. interlobular artery
7. efferent arteriole
8. peritubular capillary
The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is?


A. 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8


B. 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8


C. 4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8


D. 4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8


E. 4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8 - Answer✔B. 4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8
The process of filtration is driven by


A. active transport


B. blood osmotic pressure


C. blood hydrostatic pressure


D. renal pumping - Answer✔C. blood hydrostatic pressure
The mechanisms for maintaining the solute concentration gradient in the renal medulla require


A. active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle


B. active transport of sodium and chloride ions from the ascending limb of the vasa recta


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C. the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to be permeable to water


D. the vasa recta to be impermeable to water


E. both A and B - Answer✔A. Active transport of sodium and chloride ions form the ascending
limb of the loop of henle
Which of the following is greater?


a. the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the beginning of the loop of Henle


b. the concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the descending limb of the loop of
Henle - Answer✔B. The concentration of solute in the filtrate at the bottom of the descending
lim of the loop of henle
The antidiuretic hormone


a. increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water


b. is secreted in response to low concentrations of potassium ions in the extracellular fluid.


c. causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of relatively solute-free urine


d. helps regulate the concentration of potasium ion in the interstitial space


e. is sensitive to changes in the blood concentrations of both sodium and potassium -
Answer✔a. increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water
In the loop of Henle


A. water is secreted into the descending limb



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