Summary Acid/Base Strength, Nomenclature, Resonance Structures

Organic Compounds :
Nomenclature



Alkanes

saturated hydrocarbons
↳ hydrocarbon :
molecule only containing carbon and hydrogen
↳ saturated : no double or triple bond

·


can be branched or straight-chain


/
-
x
straight
chain branched




Classifying Carbons

using the number of other carbons

carbon-1carbon (10 primary carbon) [CHs]
·


carbon-2 carbons (20 secondary carbon) [CH2]
·


carbon-3 carbons (30 tertiary Carbon) [CH]



Nomenclature :



* *
straight chain alkanes are named as prefix are
·




↳ how in the chain
prefix many carbons
:




I methane

2 ethane

3 propane
4 butane

5
pentane
6 nexane

7
heptane
G octane

9 nonane

10 decane




Alkyl Groups
substituents of another molecule that only contains saturated carbons




1 ALKYL GROUP




- NONANE




examples of alkyl groups
:




methyl group CHs

ethyl group

alkyl group (R)

, Alkyl Groups

groups of 3 + carbons can themselves be branched

group has
each structural isomer of alkyl its own name


I carbon 2 carbons 3 carbons 3 carbons

CH3 -
mi T
mum - mun
win
methyl group ethyl group Isopropyl
propyl group
group

4 carbons




-T mus
↓ 1
Hu Ynum
&




butyl group isobutyl group sec-butyl tert-butyl
group group

Alkanes Nomenclature :




① Find the longest carbon chain .
Base name associated wh this carbon

↳
parent chain
↳ may length.
or
may not continue in the same direction throughout the



② Number each carbon the parent chain ,
so that the substituents are on the lowest

number / combination of numbers possible .


③ Find any alkyl groups ,
attach them to base name in this order

↳
> location of substituent
-


name of substinent base name




# If there are multiple identical substinent groups , All carbon locations are listed and
prefixes distri ,
or tetra

are used before the substinent name




⑤ In the case of multiple different substinents ,
ordered alphabetically in the name :

NOT CONSIDERED FOR ALPHABETICAL :
di , tri ,
tetra sec and tert
,




CONSIDERED :
isO



eX) 5-ethyl-3 ,
3 dimethylheptane 5-sec-butyl , 3-methyldecane
sec-butyl



*
F
ethyl group
I


&, 7
C7 carbon /
chain (
methyl methyl
10 8
9



⑥ When numbering in both directions gives equally low substinent numbers ,
group listed first alphabetically
gets lower number

⑦ 2
options for parent chains ,
choose one w/ most substituents to avoid branched alkyl groups